scholarly journals Resin canals in spruce (Picea abis /L./ Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Petr Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resin Canals

The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of horizontal resin canal dimension in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes of dimensions in horizontal resin canal along the stem length and radius were found. On the basis obtained of results 3D models (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones) describing changes in resin canal dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem were created. In the models, the resin canal dimension decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the dimension of resin canal increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings about the structure of spruce with compression wood.

scholarly journals Effect of the position in a stem on the length of tracheids in spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
P. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Wood Tracheid

The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of tracheid dimensions in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes in dimensions were found in early-wood and late-wood tracheids along the stem length and radius. There were statistically significant differences (variability along the radius) between particular annual rings. The height of 22 m showed statistically significant differences as compared with other heights (variability along the height). Differences between the length of early-wood and late-wood tracheids were not corroborated in zones CW, OW and SWL. Only in the SWP zone, statistically significant differences were found. Data sets (early-wood and late-wood tracheids) from the CW zone showed statistically significant differences as compared with other zones. On the basis of the results obtained, 3D models were created (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones; models for an early-wood and late-wood tracheid) describing changes in tracheid dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem. In the models, the length of tracheids decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the length of tracheids increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings on the structure of spruce wood. In addition to this, the paper can contribute to the partial explanation of the different behaviour of physical and mechanical properties of wood in particular parts of the spruce stem.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ratios of Ligands to Metal Ion of some Metal Complexes of Triazoles by Using Eleetronie Speetra in Organie Solvents

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Electronic Spectra ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Other Hand

We found that 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propynyl) thio- 1??-triazole [1? forms a complex with Pd (11) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light in CH2CI2 at 400 nm, and 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propenyl) thio- 1,2,4- triazole [II] forms complexes with Pd (II) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 390 nm, and of ratio 2:1 which absorbs light at 435 nm. On the other hand, we found that the new derivative 4- phenyl- 5( p- amino phenyl) -3- mercapto- 1,2,4- triazole ?111? forms complexes with Cu (II) ion of the ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 380 nm, with Ni (II) ion of the ratio 3:1 which absorbs light at 358 nm; and with Co (11) ion of the ratio 3.2:1 which absorbs light at 588 nm. The ratio of the complexes were determined by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes in CH2G2 and (CH^NCHO at different concentrations ofthe ligands and f?xed ' •' of the metal ion in every case, then applying the molar ratio plots on the data. Our results were confirmed by precipitating most ofthe above complexes in solid state, and then each complex was analyzed elementally.

Kvalitet pitanja u TV školi u nastavi prirode i društva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lukić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
School Year ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paperis to determine the quality of TV classes World around us and Nature and Social Science,which were broadcasted on Radio Television of Serbia during the pandemic in the school year 2019/20. Although the work was indirect, so the immediate interaction between the teacher and student is missed. Therefore, teacher's questions were the way of establishing some kind of interaction in such classes organized in this manner. For this reason, we wanted to establish the types of questions that teachers were asking to students through small screens. Considering that the achievements of learning are based on Bloom's Taxonomy, we were analyzing sixteen TV classes and classified the questions the teachers asked according to cognitive area, on six educational levels. The results indicate that the most common were question within lower cognitive levels were (knowledge, understanding and application), and that there are no statistically significant differences in cognitive levels on questions asked between lower (1st and 2nd grade) and higher grades (3rd and 4th grade), on the other hand, on the classes of determination of educational content teachers were asking statistically significant quality questions compared to the classes of interpretation.

scholarly journals Markov chains and the determination of fair premiums

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
The University

The relationships between actuarial and pure mathematics are curious. Actuaries have contributed to the development of mathematical theory: it is sufficient to mention, as examples, Fredholm of an earlier, and Cramér of a more recent generation. Scandinavian mathematicians, in particular, have been concerned with a very special type of stochastic process, reflected in the collective theory of risk, and the work of Philipson, Ammeter and others in this field is well known to readers of this Bulletin. However, the main stream of the theory of stochastic processes has little contact with actuarial applications.On the other hand, many actuaries have studied and assimilated pure mathematics and have thrown light on actuarial matters by describing their own preoccupations in the terminology of modern, often abstract, mathematics. E. Franckx is one of their number.The Instituto di Matematica Finanziaria of the University of Trieste (Faculty of Economics and Commerce) has published a booklet entitledEssai d'une théorie opérationnelle des risques Markoviens which contains three lectures delivered by Professor Franckx in Trieste and a contribution which he presented to the 17th Congress of Actuaries, held in London in 1964.

scholarly journals Variability of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) compression strength with present reaction wood

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Wood Compression ◽  
Wood Strength

The aim of research was to find out the variability of spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.]) Karst.) wood compression strength limits in the direction parallel to grain. The wood strength was examined using samples from a tree with present reaction (compression) wood. The strength was found out for individual stem zones (CW, OW, SWL and SWR). The zone with present compression wood (CW) demonstrated slightly higher values of wood strength limits. The differences in the limits of compression strength parallel to grain in individual zones were not statistically significant. All the data acquired by measuring were used to create 3D models for each zone. The models describe the strength along the radius and along the stem height. The change of strength along the stem radius was statistically highly significant. There was an obvious tendency towards an increase in the strength limit in the first 40 years. With the increased stem height, there is a slight decrease in wood strength.

Dermatoglyphics in Twins

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa F. Peña ◽  
F.M. Salzano ◽  
Sidia M. Callegari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Adult Twins

SummaryThe degree of genetic determination of 4 digital and 16 palmar characteristics was investigated in an unselected series of 49 MZ and 51 DZ adult twins. Low indications of heritability were obtained for the qualitative traits, but 6 of the 8 h2 estimates calculated for the quantitative measurements gave values above 0.70. In general, the results reported here are in agreement with those presented by other authors; however, the correlation coefficients observed for the A′d ridge count were lower than those of two other series. All palmar ridge counts seemed to be intercorrelated in a given individual; other expected relationships, however, were not observed. The fingerprints of MZ and DZ twins on the other hand, showed an unexplained difference.

scholarly journals Variability in density of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood with the presence of reaction wood

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
P. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Sample Tree

The study was aimed to assess the integral value that determines wood properties &minus; wood density at a moisture content of 0% and 12%. The wood density was researched in a sample tree with the presence of reaction compression wood. The density was determined for individual zones (CW, OW, SWL and SWR). The zone where compression wood (CW) is present has a higher density than the remaining zones. On the basis of the acquired data, 3D models were created for individual zones; they describe the variability of wood density along the stem radius and stem height. The influence of the radius seems to be a statistically highly significant factor. The wood density is significantly higher in samples with the presence of compression wood. When the proportion of compression wood in the sample was 80%, the wood density was 1.5 times higher compared to wood without compression wood.

scholarly journals The effect of bread-making process on contents of key trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dropa ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Lancová ◽  
I. Burešová
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Toxin Concentration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Wheat Flours

The fate of trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the bread preparation and baking was investigated in order to obtain information about the influence of processing conditions on the levels of these toxins in final products. Highly artificially contaminated wheat was used to obtain flours with three contamination levels (DON 1615&ndash;398, T-2 toxin 927&ndash;160, and HT-2 toxin 258&ndash;38&nbsp;&mu;g/kg). Method for Test Baking of Wheat Flours (ICC Standard No.131) was used within the experiments for bread sample preparation. Various combinations of dough fermentation, proofing and baking times were used to prepare test breads. For determination of toxin levels in all tested matrices, HPLC&ndash;MS/MS method was employed. No substantial effect on DON levels was observed as a result of various conditions used for bread preparation and baking; maximum DON decrease 10%, compared to contaminated flour. On the other hand, significant changes in T-2/HT-2 toxin contents were found in experimental bread compared to contaminated flour; reduction of T-2 toxin concentration (30&ndash;50%) and increase of HT-2 toxin concentration (10&ndash;70%), respectively. &nbsp;

Development of a Family Vocational Guidance Potential as a Core Prerequisite to Successful Professional Self-Determination of Teenagers

10.12737/3080 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Зеленкина ◽  
Tatyana Zelenkina
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Vocational Choice ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Professional Self

Optimized way to nurture parents’ readiness to guide vocational choice of their teenaged children is considered as a consistent element of vocational guidance potential and is scientifically proved. What makes the paper theoretically important, is the fact that the author clarifies the meaning for quite new concepts, as «family vocational guidance potential», «parents’ helpfulness», «successful vocational choice». Families are classified in terms of vocational guidance potential; several limitations in vocational choices of children in each category of families are outlined and illustrated by pictures and tables. Given the accented challenge of insufficient parents’ integration in vocational choices, made by their children, the idea of pilot testing described here, has been to use capabilities of additional professional education establishments to better preparing parents to the mission of facilitating the vocational choices of their children. As a result of parents-children cooperation, the parents are better prepared and eager to help their children in professional self-determination on one hand, while teenagers make more thoughtful vocational choices, on the other hand. Significant results and conclusions are provided, to prove reliability of researching hypothesis, put forward by the author.

Making the Concept of Old Industrial Buildings in Terms of Sustainability in Architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Ján Ilkovič ◽  
Ľubica Ilkovičová
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Alternative Procedures

Industry since its origin gradually takes typical characteristics which interfere into the economics of a country, it has a specific localisation and its own identity. Nowadays a problematic old industry on one hand creates a potential of lucrative areas in the cities and on the other hand it is itself a carrier of culture and historic values. That is why it is necessary so that the values which it represents are presented to the wide public and not only to a relatively narrow circle of specialists. From the nowadays view, industrial has got a new dimension of equivalence with architectonic sights of modern. The content of article is aimed at methodology of concept creation of changing the objects from potentials of usage of objects, level of adaptability of construction and innovation of original details to determination of alternative procedures.

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