scholarly journals Capital Structure in Start-up Firms in the Conditions of the Czech Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Chmelíková ◽  
Kristina Somerlíková
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Average Form

The aim of this article is to characterise the form of capital structures in start-up companies in the Czech economy and to identify what determines them. The choice of theme for this research was motivated by the important role that start-up companies have played in the development of economies especially in its contribution to employment, while having a low empirical understanding of the structure of capital resources of the firms. In this contribution, we have managed to identify the average form of the capital structures of start-up companies in the Czech economy. Moreover, they were in keeping with the Trade-Off Theory of Capital Structure testing the factors determining the composition of the capital resources of the firms. However it was only possible to empirically support the conclusions in part.

Panel Data Analysis of Determinants of Leverage in the Automobile Industry in India

GIS Business ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Vibha Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Coverage Ratio

The study tries to investigate the key determinants of capital structure of leading automobile companies and the Automobile Industry in India. The study also tracks the theory implications, i.e. trade off vs. pecking order in these firms and the industry in general. An attempt is to see, if individually each sample company and the whole industry are influenced by the same determinants of capital structure. Pooled ordinary least squares and panel data econometric techniques such as fixed effect models are used to investigate the most significant determinants that affect the capital structure choice of 10 leading companies categorized as BSE Auto Top 100 and the Automobile Industry as a whole for a period of 14 years from 2000–2001 to 2013–2014. The study reveals some interesting facts and results. Multiple regression analysis reveals that while profitability and size are significant determinants in most of the leading companies; NDTS, Growth, and Debt service coverage ratio are not significant for these companies. While the Panel data results of the Automobile Industry as a whole reveals that profitability is the only significant determinant having negative relationship with debt equity ratio; and the other variables are insignificant. Also individual companies coefficient results shows implications of mix of pecking order and trade off theories while the panel data results of the whole Industry strongly supports the Pecking order theory.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE FACTORS: EVIDENCE FROM BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Febria Nalurita
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Construction Companies

<p>Research has contributed to testing the Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from the Building Construction Industry in Indonesia, in the period 2008-2015.Secondary data used is based on time series data and cross section. Through the purposive sampling method, the total sample selected are 6 construction construction companies and used panel data regression analysis techniques that are processed with programEVIEWS 9. From the Chow test and Hausman test results show that as a data estimation technique used is the Fixed Effect model.Five independent variables in this study, which resulted in an analysis that partially profitability and liquidity had a significant effect on leverage. The results of this empirical study indicate that there is strong evidence to support the pecking order theory by building construction companies based on variable liquidity determinants of capital structure, and profitability variables are also very supportive for the trade-off theory relationship. Firm size, tangibility and non-debt tax shield have no significant effect on leverage.<br />Together, firmsize factors, profitability, tangibility, non-debt tax shields and liquidity significantly influence the leverage of building construction companies. So, based on the trade-off theory, optimal leverage is a balance between tax benefits from debt and bankruptcy costs and agency costs incurred by the company.The sample in this study is only building construction companies so that they only have specifications in the type of business of the sample company, so the influence of the independent variables (only) only describes the specific influence in the building construction sector.</p>

scholarly journals Determinan Leverage Optimal Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Purwanto Widodo ◽  
Juardi Juardi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Leverage ◽  
Dynamic Capital Structure

Research on capital structure, recently characterized by the use of dynamic capital structure. The use of dynamic capital structure basically wants to know the existence of optimal leverage as hypothesized by Trade-Off Theory and Speed off Adjustment (SOA) to optimal leverage. This research tries to overcome this problem, by using dynamic panel data by using company characteristics and macroeconomic factors. The use of General Method of Moment (GMM) to overcome the problem of econometrics due to the use of dynamic models. Samples taken from manufacturing companies listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2009-2015. The inference model and the determinant behavior of capital structure can be explained by Trade-Off Theory and Pecking Order Theory. The variable characteristics of the company and macro economy are significant and are marked according to the hypothesis. The findings of this study include: the influence of profitability, size, tangibility, growth opportunity and business risk. In addition, on average companies in Indonesia can increase their debt to utilize tax shields

scholarly journals Do DJIA Firms Reflect Stationary Debt Ratios?

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Feng-Li Lin
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stationary Processes ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Dow Jones Industrial Average ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

To form optimum firm capital structure strategies to face unanticipated economic events, firm managers should understand the stability of a firm’s capital structure. The aim of this research was to study whether the debt ratio is stationary in listed firms on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Two vital capital structure concepts regarding pecking order and trade-off theory are fairly contradictory. Using opposing theoretical contexts, the Sequential Panel Selection Method apparently categorizes which and how many series are stationary processes in the panel. This method was used to test the mean reverting properties of the 25 companies listed on Dow Jones Industrial Average between 2001 and 2017 in this study, which is expected to fill the current gap in the literature. The overall results show that stationary debt ratios exist in 10 of the 25 studied firms, supporting the trade-off theory. Moreover, the 10 firms utilizing trade-off theory are affected by firm size, profitability, growth opportunity, and dividend payout ratio. These results provide vital information for firms to certify strategies to optimize capital structure.

scholarly journals DETERMINATIVE FACTORS OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN THE INTEGRATED COMPANY OF OIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Henrique Machado ◽  
Carlos Roberto de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
New York Stock Exchange ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
York Stock Exchange ◽  
The Capital Structure

As decisões de financiamento têm sido amplamente discutidas em debates acadêmicos sobre finanças corporativas. Como o setor petrolífero é crucial ao desenvolvimento econômico mundial, por representar a principal fonte primária de energia, percebe-se a necessidade de pesquisa sobre este grupo de decisões direcionadas ao setor em questão. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar os fatores indutores nas decisões de estrutura de capital nas companhias integradas do setor petrolífero mundial. Foram pesquisadas 18 empresas listadas na New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), considerando o período de 2005 a 2010. As variáveis estudadas foram liquidez, rentabilidade, tangibilidade, risco, tamanho, crescimento, exaustão e reposição de reservas (independentes) e dívida de curto prazo, longo prazo e total (dependente). Para a análise do comportamento das variáveis, efetuou-se o teste de regressão. Verificou-se que os principais atributos que influenciaram as decisões de financiamento no setor foram: liquidez, rentabilidade, risco e tamanho. Ademais, observou-se também que as variáveis específicas do setor, exaustão e reposição, apresentaram forte influência na estrutura de capital. Foram demonstradas evidencias de que tanto a teoria pecking-order quanto a trade-off explicam as decisões de financiamento no setor.

Capital Structure in the Construction Industry: Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Atakul ◽  
Selin Gundes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Hierarchy Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Equity Ratio

Starting with the seminal work of Modigliani and Miller in 1958, various capital structure theories have been set forth by corporate finance researchers, such as the trade-off and financial hierarchy theories. The present research uses data from the survey questionnaire conducted with 158 Turkish construction companies to explain the financial decisions of contractors in terms of capital structure theories. Results reveal that firm age, size and asset values appear to be positively correlated to debt-equity ratio and the volatility of earnings and cash-flows are important determinants of leverage, confirming the trade-off theory. On the other hand, the construction sector clearly follows a financial order consistent with the financial hierarchy theory, but other propositions of the theory are not supported. Overall, it is concluded that capital structure decisions of construction firms cannot fully be explained by the existing models. Rather, firms appear to exploit “windows of opportunities” emerging from changes in macro-economic indicators, such as interest rates, GDP and resulting market conditions.

scholarly journals Testing capital structure theories for agricultural cooperatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi (Lance) Cheng ◽  
Ani L. Katchova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off

This study investigates adjustments in capital structures for agricultural cooperatives and differences before and during the agricultural downturn which started in 2013. We estimate a simultaneous equation model to test for cooperatives’ capital structure strategies based on two main theories from the corporate finance literature: the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. Estimation results reveal that agricultural cooperatives in the U.S. generally adjust to short-term financial targets for equity and debt, supporting the trade-off theory while there is little support for the pecking order theory within the agricultural cooperatives sector.

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