Keterkaitan Antara Kebiasaan Mencuci Tangan, Pengurangan Kemiskinan dan Angka Harapan Hidup:

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of handwashing on poverty reduction and life expectancy. The Covid-19 pandemic, which is ongoing and has not yet ended after more than a year in Indonesia, reminds us of the importance of maintaining health, especially through simple methods, namely washing hands frequently. Referring to previous research, health is an important factor that affects many things, including life expectancy and poverty. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be an alarm that reminds us of the importance of getting used to washing hands frequently in an effort to maintain health. Therefore, this research is deemed necessary to use data from provinces in Indonesia. The relationship between handwashing habits and their effect on life expectancy and poverty reduction is also influenced by other interconnected variables, therefore data processing is carried out using the Simultaneous Equation Model analysis technique, as an effort to jointly examine the variables suspected to be the impact interrelated from this research. The results of this study indicate that the habit of washing hands in various provinces in Indonesia has a significant effect on life expectancy and poverty, so it needs to be continued and requires supportive policies, for example in the form of increasing awareness to stay healthy, stay save with more stay at home. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menkaji dampak kebiasaan mencuci tangan terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan dan angka harapan hidup. Pandemi Covid-19 yang sedang berlangsung dan belum kunjung usai setelah lebih setahun lamanya di Indonesia, mengingatkan kita pentingnya menjaga kesehatan, terutama melalui cara sederhana yaitu melakukan aktivitas sering mencuci tangan. Mengacu paada penelitian terdahulu kesehatan merupakan faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap banyak hal, diantaranya angka harapan hidup dan kemiskinan. Keberadaan pandemi Covid-19 seolah menjadi alarm yang mengingatkan kita pentingnya untuk membiasakan sering mencuci tangan sebagai upaya menjaga kesehatan. karena itu penelitian ini dirasa perlu untuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan data dari provinsi-provinsi yang ada di Indonesia. keterkaitan kebiasaan mencuci tangan dan pengaruhnya terhadap angka harapan hidup dan pengurangan kemiskinan juga dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain yang saling terhubung, karena itu pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis Simultan Equation Model, sebagai upaya menelaah secara bersama sama variabel variabel yang diduga merupakan dampak yang saling berkaitan dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan mencuci tangan di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan dan usia harapan hidup, sehingga perlu dilanjutkan dan memerlukan kebijakan yang mendukung, misalnya berupa peningkatan kesadaran untuk stay health, stay save dengan lebih banyak stay at home. Kata kunci: Kebiasaan Mencuci Tangan, Kemiskinan, Angka Harapan Hidup, Covid-19

PENGARUH OVERCONFIDENCE, REGRET AVERSION, LOSS AVERSION, DAN HERDING BIAS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI DI INDONESIA.

<em><span>Behavioral finance</span></em><span> muncul akibat pasar yang tidak efisien, sehingga menimbulkan anomali pasar. <em>Behavioral finance</em> lebih mengarah pada perilaku investor yang tidak rasional terhadap keputusannya. Investor yang berada di pasar yang tidak efisien, dapat mengambil <em>abnormal return</em>. Perilaku tersebut dipengaruhi oleh informasi yang diterima oleh investor. Perilaku tersebut bisa berbagai macam, seperti; <em>overconfidence, regret aversion, loss aversion, </em>dan <em>herding bias. </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh <em>overconfidence, regret aversion, loss aversion, </em>dan <em>herding bias</em> terhadap keputusan investasi di Indonesia. Data yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 120 responden yang memiliki pengalaman berinvestasi di pasar modal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Ada dua tahapan untuk melakukan analisis, yaitu Pengujian Model Pengukuran dan pengujian Model Struktural. Pengujian stattistik dalam penelitian ini berupa SEM (<em>Simultaneous Equation Model</em>) yang dibantu dengan menggunakan aplikasi <em>smartPLS. </em>Pada penelitian ini ditemukan <em>overconfidence, regret aversion, loss aversion, dan herding bias</em> berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi secara parsial.</span>

A Simultaneous-Equation Model of Estimating Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Malaysia

Based on an extended IS-LM-AS model, this study finds that a 1% depreciation of the Malaysian ringgit tends to cause the CPI to rise by 0.1194%. Moreover, more M2 money supply, a lower government borrowing as a percent of GDP, a higher crude oil price, a higher U.S. CPI, and a higher expected consumer price index tend to raise Malaysia’s CPI. Therefore, exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to the consumer price in Malaysia is partial and incomplete.

Development on the leading small and medium-sized industry (SMI): food industry in Jambi Province

The objectives of this research are: 1). to analyze the factors which determine the production of leading small-medium food industry, 2). to analyze the effect of leading small-medium food industry production towards community income. The analysis models used are simultaneous equation model (ESM) and simple regression. The research results show that the determining factors on the production of leading small-medium food industry are investment, production capacity, labor, sales, and the utilization of technology simultaneously. However, individually, the sales have significant influence on the production of leading small-medium food industry in which determined by promotion and market share. In addition, the influence of leading small-medium food industry is very significant on community income with a contribution of 59.54%. The amount of public income in the leading small-medium food industry is IDR 1.5 million for a single production period of 1.5 months or approximately IDR 1 million per month.

Simultaneous Equation Model for Economic Calculation of Households of Independent Rubber Farmers in Mineral Land in Kampar Regency, Riau Province

Rubber is a plantation crop which is mostly a source of community income in Kampar District. As a source of household income, rubber farming is managed by households independently. This study generally aims to design models and government policy strategies in the development of smallholder rubber plantations on land typology mineral land conditions on the economic decision making of rubber farmer households. Specifically, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the characteristics of independent smallholders and internal and external dominant factors that influence the allocation of working time, income and household expenses of rubber farmers. This research was conducted using a survey method located in Kampar District. The data used in this study consisted of primary data obtained using the interview method. Samples were taken by simple random sampling method with 60 rubber farmers. Descriptive analysis and Economic Decision Model of Rubber Farmer Households using the simultaneous equation model approach with the Two Stages Least Square (2SLS) analysis method were performed to answer the research objectives. The results showed that only internal factors of farm households are responsive to household economic decisions. There are no external factors included in the model that are responsive to the economic decisions of rubber farming households in Kuantan Singingi Regency regarding the aspects of production, working time allocation, income and expenditure of rubber farming households. From the aspect of production, no responsive internal or external factors were found, but the biggest effect was the number of productive rubber stems. From the aspect of work time allocation, internal factors that are responsive to influence are the total outpouring of farmer work, outpouring of farm family work in businesses and the workforce of farmer households. Furthermore, from the aspect of farmer's household income the responsive internal factors that influence it are the farmer's household income in the business. then what influences household expenditure is outflow of work in business, farmer education, wife education and total rubber farmer income. The policy implications of increasing rubber prices and outpouring of family work in the business have the most positive impact. While the increase in wages for workers outside the family has a negative impact on the household economy.