scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sex Pheromones and Food Attractants Used to Monitor and Control Synanthedon Myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1575-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Kocourek ◽  
Jitka Stará
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Food Attractants ◽  
Tree Injury ◽  
And Control

Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is a prominent pest of commercial apple orchards in Europe. the sex pheromones of S. myopaeformis and food attractants based on apple juice, beer and red wine were evaluated as tools for monitoring and control the populations of S. myopaeformis in apple orchards in the Czech Republic. For monitoring S. myopaeformis flight activity, trap designs were also evaluated, and the results indicated that wing traps were more suitable than delta traps because of their high efficacy even at low population densities of S. myopaeformis. The flight activity patterns of S. myopaeformis showed high intrapopulation variability and variability between years. The use of pheromones as a mating disruption technique led to a decrease of tree injury in comparison to untreated controls during the three years of the experiment. The reduction of the number of S. myopaeformis larvae per tree on a 14-ha plot treated subjected to the mating disruption technique reached 56 % in the third year of the experiment. In the three-year experiment using food attractants for the mass trapping of S. myopaeformis, catches of S. myopaeformis in traps using a combination of beer and apple juice (50:50) at a density of 4 traps/ha on a 4-ha plot increased more than 4-fold.

Development of kairomone-based lures and traps targeting Spilonota ocellana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromones

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J.R. Judd ◽  
Alan. L. Knight ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Release Devices

AbstractSpilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) can be a serious pest of organic apples (Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae)) in British Columbia, Canada. Recent discovery that S. ocellana moths are attracted by a lure combining acetic acid (AA) and benzyl nitrile (BN), identified as a caterpillar-induced apple leaf volatile, provides an opportunity to develop bisexual mass-trapping or monitoring systems. Sticky white delta traps baited with benzyl nitrile (10 mg/red rubber septum) and an acetic-acid co-lure (3 mL AA/3-mm open 8-mL vial) caught significantly more moths than either component alone. Acetic-acid co-lures were weakly attractive but benzyl-nitrile-loaded septa were not attractive. Moth catches with AA+BN lures were unaffected by the size and type of rubber septum used to release benzyl nitrile, but catches increased with increasing loads of benzyl nitrile. Male and total moth catches were maximised using membrane release devices loaded with a mixture of benzyl nitrile and a second caterpillar-induced volatile, 2-phenylethanol (PET), in combination with an acetic-acid co-lure (AA+BN-PET). Female catches with AA+BN-PET and AA+BN lures were equivalent. Placing AA+BN lures in traps baited with female sex pheromone lures reduced male catches, but female catches were unchanged. When sticky liners were replaced weekly, white delta traps baited with AA+BN lures caught more moths than similarly baited white Multipher®-I bucket traps, or transparent UnitrapsTM. Multipher-I traps with a propylene glycol killing agent (250 mL) caught more moths than those with Vapona insecticide strips. In apple orchards treated with mating disruption sex pheromones, traps baited with AA+BN caught slightly more total moths than traps baited with sex pheromone. Weekly, total male+female moth catches with either AA+BN or sex pheromone lures showed similar seasonal patterns in both untreated and pheromone-disrupted orchards, respectively. Long-lasting release devices and an organic killing agent are needed to develop certified organic mass-trapping technologies for management of S. ocellana with the AA+BN kairomone.

scholarly journals Perspectives for Synergic Blends of Attractive Sources in South American Palm Weevil Mass Trapping: Waiting for the Red Palm Weevil Brazil Invasion

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Viviane Araujo Dalbon ◽  
Juan Pablo Molina Acevedo ◽  
Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Thyago Fernando Lisboa Ribeiro ◽  
Joao Manoel da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
South American ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
American Palm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Palm Product

Coupling several natural and synthetic lures with aggregation pheromones from the palm weevils Rhynchophorus palmarum and R. ferrugineus reveals a synergy that results in an increase in pest captures. The combined attraction of pure pheromones, ethyl acetate, and decaying sweet and starchy plant tissue increases the net total of mass-trapped weevils. The 2018 entrance of the red palm weevil (RPW) into South America has threatened palm-product income in Brazil and other neighboring countries. The presence of the new A1 quarantine pest necessitates the review of all available options for a sustainable mass-trapping, monitoring, and control strategy to ultimately target both weevils with the same device. The effective lure-blend set for the mass-trapping system will attract weevils in baiting and contaminating stations for entomopathogenic fungi that the same weevils will spread.

OBSERVATIONS, MONITORING, AND CONTROL OF CLEARWING BORERS (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) ON APPLE IN CENTRAL ONTARIO

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
S. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Synanthedon Scitula ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dogwood Borer

AbstractObservations on Malus domestica (Borkh) in central Ontario between 1981 and 1984 revealed that dogwood borer (Synanthedon scitula Harris) larval feeding was primarily associated with burr knots on the above-ground portion of apple rootstocks. Trunk injuries also served as sites of entry. Monitoring with pheromones indicated moth emergence occurred from late June until early August with peak activity occurring near the middle of July. Control of the dogwood borer on apple was obtained with 2 trunk drench sprays of dimethoate, fenvalerate, permethrin plus oil, endosulfan, parathion, chlorpyrifos, or lindane when applied during the period of adult flight activity.

scholarly journals Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice from Fuji Apples Stored in Different Conditions in Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Hudson Couto Do Amparo ◽  
Elissa Cavichon ◽  
Cesar Milton Baratto ◽  
Eduardo Cesar Tondo ◽  
Jane Mary Lafayette Neves Gelinski
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

The rapid increase in the global production of apples has led to improved monitoring and control of toxic substances present in apples and their derivatives. One of these toxic substances is patulin, a mycotoxin and secondary metabolite produced by different fungi species of the genera <em>Penicillium, Aspergillus, Gymnoascus, Paecilomyces</em> and <em>Byssochlamys.</em> This study evaluated patulin levels in juice produced from Fuji apples subjected to different temperature conditions and storage times in southern Brazil. The apples were divided into groups weighing 1 kg and stored at the following temperatures: 0ºC, 5ºC, 6.7ºC, 19.5ºC and 25ºC. Sub-samples of each group were processed to determine their patulin level by HPLC at the following intervals: 0 (control group), 7, 14 and 21 days. After 28 days of storage at all temperatures, the apples could not be analyzed due to their deterioration. The results indicated that at all temperatures; there was variation in the patulin levels. The smallest patulin value was observed in apple juice stored at 19.5°C and 25°C.

scholarly journals Comparative Antennal Morphology of Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with Special Reference to the Typology and Possible Functions of Sensilla

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. Faucheux ◽  
Tamás Németh ◽  
Robin Kundrata
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Control ◽  
Considerable Damage

Species of the click-beetle genus Agriotes Eschscholtz are economically important crop pests distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. They can inflict considerable damage on various field crops. Therefore, the detection, monitoring, and control of Agriotes include the adult trapping using species-specific sex pheromones, which is a critical component of pest research. To obtain a better understanding of the detailed antennal morphology as background information for subsequent chemical ecology research, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the antennal sensilla of both sexes in 10 European Agriotes species. We identified 16 different sensilla in Agriotes, belonging to six main types: sensilla chaetica (subtypes C1 and C2), sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica (subtypes B1–B9), dome-shaped sensilla (subtypes D1 and D2), sensilla campaniformia, and Böhm sensilla. We discuss their possible functions and compare the sensilla of Agriotes with those of other Elateridae in order to consolidate the sensillum nomenclature in this family. Additionally, our study reveals the remarkable interspecific variability in sensillar equipment of Agriotes and identifies several characters of potential importance for future use in systematic studies. The present study provides a strong preliminary framework for subsequent research on the antennal morphology of this crop pest on a wider scale.

scholarly journals Mating disruption with low density diffusers for the management of oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards under subtropical climate in southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bittencourt Monteiro ◽  
Alexander Souza ◽  
Jeferson Argenton
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
And Control

The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta Busck, and fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus L., are the important apple pests under Subtropical climate in Southern Brazil, and control is normally accomplished with insecticides. An alternative strategy for the control of G. molesta is mating disruption, through the use of pheromones. Mating disruption strategies using a low density of dispensers (20) per hectare were tested in comparison with conventional pesticides for control of G. molesta in commercial Gala apple orchards in Fraiburgo, SC, for a period of five years. The average field efficiency period of mating disruption formulation over five years was 113 days. In this period the mating interruption index on mating disruption plots was 84.8% over five years. Damage to Gala apples by oriental moth larvae was low (<0.1%) in mating disruption plots but did not differ from conventional plots, except in the third year. The use of mating disruption allowed for an average reduction of 5.2 insecticide treatments per year in Gala orchards during field efficiency period. It was necessary to apply 1.0 and 1.2 applications of insecticide to control of G. molesta and A. fraterculus, respectively. Mating disruption with a low density of diffusers proved to be an effective alternative to conventional methods for control of G. molesta in Gala apple orchards in subtropical climate in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals A Greenhouse Test to Explore and Evaluate Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Insect Traps in the Monitoring and Control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Huyin Li ◽  
Maorong Liu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Hai Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
And Control

Population control of small sucking insects has been challenging, and alternative control methods are constantly being sought. Visual traps have long been used to monitor and control pests. Colored sticky cards are widely used for diurnal pests, but their effects are influenced by environmental light conditions. Artificial light traps are mostly used for nocturnal pests. Here, we explored and evaluated light-emitting diode (LED) traps for the monitoring and control of small diurnal sucking insects using greenhouse tests targeting the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. We tested the trapping efficacy of the LED water pan trap, assessed the most attractive LED light and analyzed its efficacy under different weather conditions. The results showed that the LED water pan trap was too inefficient to be useful. Green LEDs were more attractive than yellow LEDs, UV LEDs and green-UV combinations. Regardless of sunny or cloudy conditions, the green LED trap caught more than twice the number of whiteflies than the yellow sticky card alone under summer shading conditions. Our study suggests that LED traps have a significant field application value in whitefly mass trapping and may also be efficient for other diurnal insects. The design of LED traps specific for diurnal insects is discussed.

Computers for data, control and simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

Personal computers (PCs) are a powerful resource in the EM Laboratory, both as a means of automating the monitoring and control of microscopes, and as a tool for quantifying the interpretation of data. Not only is a PC more versatile than a piece of dedicated data logging equipment, but it is also substantially cheaper. In this tutorial the practical principles of using a PC for these types of activities will be discussed.The PC can form the basis of a system to measure, display, record and store the many parameters which characterize the operational conditions of the EM. In this mode it is operating as a data logger. The necessary first step is to find a suitable source from which to measure each of the items of interest. It is usually possible to do this without having to make permanent corrections or modifications to the EM.

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