The Mushroom Crisis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Internal Boundary ◽  
Undocumented Workers ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Pristine Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Officials

As the pearl crisis raged, a rush for wild steppe mushroom moved to the center of the imperial agenda in Mongolia. Unheralded and forgotten, steppe mushrooms were big business in the Qing; by the 1820s, thousands of undocumented workers crossed the internal boundary from China to Mongolia each year in search of mushrooms. The chapter opens with the case of a passport forger whose arrest triggered a court edict against mushroom picking in 1829; we have little else of the affair in Chinese. The archives in Ulaanbaatar, however, contain hundreds of documents that detail the long, violent conflict that culminated in his arrest. By analyzing the confessions of mushroom pickers and the depositions of local officials, the chapter reconstructs the history of the mushroom rush and explores how a recreating a “pure” and pristine environment in Mongolia became the top concern of the court.

Classical Conceptions of Visuality and Representation in John of Damascus' Defense of Holy Images1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-308
Author(s):  
James A. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Second Sophistic ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
John Of Damascus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Culture ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Iconoclastic Controversy

The Defense of Holy Images by John of Damascus stands as the archetypal exposition of the Christian theology of images. Written at the outbreak of the Iconoclastic Controversy, it has been mostly valued for its theological content and given scholarly short shrift as a narrowly focused polemic. The work is more than that. It presents a complex and profound explication of the nature of images and the phenomenon of representation, and is an important part of the “history of looking”in western culture. A long chain of visual conceptions connects classical Greek and Roman writers, such as Homer and Quintilian, to John: the living image, the interrelation of word and image, and image and memory, themes elaborated particularly in the Second Sophistic period of the early Common Era. For John to deploy this heritage so skillfully to the thorny problem of the place of images in Christianity, at the outbreak of a violent conflict that lasted a further 100 years after his writing, manifests an intellect and creativity that has not been sufficiently appreciated. The Defense of Holy Images, understood in this context, is another innovative synthesis of Christianity and classical culture produced by late antique Christian writers.

Economic reasons for the break-up of Yugoslavia

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viachaslau Yarashevich ◽  
Yuliya Karneyeva
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Economic Imbalances

The history of Yugoslavia continues to attract academic attention more than twenty years after the violent break-up of this federative state. Analyzing why it happened can be instructive in dealing with many unsolved problems in the region. The article will argue that deteriorating economics triggered all other factors leading to eventual disintegration of Yugoslavia. Specifically, during the 1980s external and internal economic imbalances, coupled with substantial regional disparities, resulted in a situationwhichwas no longer acceptable to some constituent republics, especially the wealthier ones. Unfortunately, their secessionwas followed by a violent conflict which still resonates throughout South-Eastern Europe.

Food Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-152
Author(s):  
Emmy Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Safe Food

This chapter presents a history of food crises to illustrate the need for greater food security, and it urges government leaders to learn from the past and take action when the next inevitable crisis arises. Six priorities for action are presented, recognizing the roles of violent conflict, water, weather patterns, inequality, women, and waste reduction. While considering these factors, organizations must partner to ensure that food systems are sustainable and productive, providing nutritious and safe food to populations around the globe. For this system to work, collaboration among all participants is crucial.

scholarly journals Under Familiar Fire: Making Decisions during the “Kivu Crisis” 2008 in Goma, DR Congo

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Short History ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This paper explores the decision-making processes used by the inhabitants of Goma during the Kivu Crisis in October 2008. The paper's aim is twofold: After providing a short history of the October 2008 events, it seeks in the empirical part to distinguish and clarify the role of rumours and narratives in the setting of violent conflict as well as to analyse their impact on decision-making processes. As the epistemological interest lies more on the people who stay rather than those who flee, in the second part the paper argues that the practice of routinization indicates a conscious tactic whose purpose is to counter the non-declared state of exception in Goma. Routinization is defined as a means of establishing order in everyday life by referring to narratives based on lived experiences.

scholarly journals “A Veil of Legality”

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Hintzen
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Sugar Plantations

This article explores the history of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo’s anti-Haitian policies by examining two unstudied dimensions of the government’s campaign against Haitian migrants. Archival records reveal that Trujillo attempted to implement a clandestine plan to deport Haitians prior to the 1937 massacre on the border. However, this plan failed because local officials resisted government attempts to supersede their authority. I contend this led Trujillo to order the massacre in order to compel obedience from rural authorities and to destroy Haitian-Dominican networks. While in the border region these goals were accomplished with violence, Trujillo pursued a different strategy in sugar-producing areas. Because of the economic importance of sugar, the Trujillo regime began to employ extralegal coercion to force Haitians in the country onto sugar plantations, and to inextricably link Haitian identity with cutting sugarcane. In implementing such policies, government officials again faced resistance from local communities.

Urban Russia at the

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise McReynolds
Keyword(s):  
Urban Society ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
City Life ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Cultural Turn

Because the history of prerevolutionary urban Russia has largely been written from the perspective of the revolution that engulfed all cities in 1917, historians have traditionally concentrated on the failures of urbanization, the limited ability of both state and local officials to manage growth and the horrific conditions at most factories. Since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, however, labour history as the dominant mode of analysing urban history has given way to scholarship taking the ‘cultural turn’ and focus has shifted from strikes and strikers towards an investigation into how people experienced city life. This chapter follows that trend, taking the emergence of the modern industrial city as a topic in its own right, and examining not only familiar facets of urbanization such as in-migration, demographic flux and industrial unrest, but also conspicuous consumption, leisure and nightlife, religion and the role of women in urban society and culture.

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