scholarly journals Parallel organization of proprioceptive inputs from joint receptors to cortical somatosensory areas I and II in the cat.

1996 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Mackie ◽  
H Q Zhang ◽  
R F Schmidt ◽  
M J Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Joint Receptors ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs ◽  
Somatosensory Areas

scholarly journals Sensory processing and corollary discharge effects in posterior caudal lobe Purkinje cells in a weakly electric mormyrid fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Alviña ◽  
Nathaniel B. Sawtell
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Caudal Lobe ◽  
Mormyrid Fish ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs ◽  
Weakly Electric ◽  
Complete Account

Although it has been suggested that the cerebellum functions to predict the sensory consequences of motor commands, how such predictions are implemented in cerebellar circuitry remains largely unknown. A detailed and relatively complete account of predictive mechanisms has emerged from studies of cerebellum-like sensory structures in fish, suggesting that comparisons of the cerebellum and cerebellum-like structures may be useful. Here we characterize electrophysiological response properties of Purkinje cells in a region of the cerebellum proper of weakly electric mormyrid fish, the posterior caudal lobe (LCp), which receives the same mossy fiber inputs and projects to the same target structures as the electrosensory lobe (ELL), a well-studied cerebellum-like structure. We describe patterns of simple spike and climbing fiber activation in LCp Purkinje cells in response to motor corollary discharge, electrosensory, and proprioceptive inputs and provide evidence for two functionally distinct Purkinje cell subtypes within LCp. Protocols that induce rapid associative plasticity in ELL fail to induce plasticity in LCp, suggesting differences in the adaptive functions of the two structures. Similarities and differences between LCp and ELL are discussed in light of these results.

scholarly journals The role of joint receptors in human kinaesthesia when intramuscular receptors cannot contribute.

1987 ◽  
Vol 386 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W R Ferrell ◽  
S C Gandevia ◽  
D I McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Joint Receptors

Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Macchi ◽  
Edward G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Medial Lemniscus ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Thalamus ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Thalamus ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Somatosensory Areas

✓ The nomenclature most commonly applied to the motor-related nuclei of the human thalamus differs substantially from that applied to the thalamus of other primates, from which most knowledge of input—output connections is derived. Knowledge of these connections in the human is a prerequisite for stereotactic neurosurgical approaches designed to alleviate movement disorders by the placement of lesions in specific nuclei. Transfer to humans of connectional information derived from experimental studies in nonhuman primates requires agreement about the equivalence of nuclei in the different species, and dialogue between experimentalists and neurosurgeons would be facilitated by the use of a common nomenclature. In this review, the authors compare the different nomenclatures and review the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the nuclei in the anterolateral aspect of the ventral nuclear mass in humans and monkeys, suggest which nuclei are equivalent, and propose a common terminology. On this basis, it is possible to identify the nuclei of the human motor thalamus that transfer information from the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, cerebellum, and proprioceptive components of the medial lemniscus to prefrontal, premotor, motor, and somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It also becomes possible to suggest the principal functional systems involved in stereotactically guided thalamotomies and the functional basis of the symptoms observed following ischemic lesions in different parts of the human thalamus.

scholarly journals Role of cutaneous and proprioceptive inputs in sensorimotor integration and plasticity occurring in the facial primary motor cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 598 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pilurzi ◽  
Francesca Ginatempo ◽  
Beniamina Mercante ◽  
Luigi Cattaneo ◽  
Giovanni Pavesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs

Effects of hypercapnia and hypoxia on abdominal expiratory nerve activity

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ledlie ◽  
A. I. Pack ◽  
A. P. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Medial Branch ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs ◽  
Line Level

We examined the effects of progressive hypercapnia and hypoxia on the efferent neural activity in a whole abdominal expiratory nerve (medial branch of the cranial iliohypogastric nerve (L1) in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs. To eliminate effects of phasic lung and chest-wall movements on expiratory activity, studies were performed in the absence of breathing movements. Progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia were produced in the paralyzed animals by allowing 3-5 min of apnea to follow mechanical ventilation with 100% O2 or 35% O2 in N2, respectively; during hypoxia, isocapnia was maintained by intravenous infusion of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer at a predetermined rate. To quantify abdominal expiratory activity, mean abdominal nerve activity in a nerve burst was computed by integrating the abdominal neurogram and dividing by the duration of the nerve burst. Hypercapnia and hypoxia both increased mean abdominal nerve activity and decreased expiratory duration. In contrast to the ramplike phrenic neurogram, the abdominal neurogram consisted of three phases: an initial rising phase, a plateau phase in which abdominal nerve activity was approximately constant, and a terminal declining phase in which the activity returned to the base-line level. The height of this plateau phase and the rates of rise and decline of abdominal nerve activity all increased with increasing hypercapnia and hypoxia. We conclude that, with proprioceptive inputs constant, both hypercapnia and hypoxia are excitatory to abdominal expiratory neural activity.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor Integration in S2, PV, and Parietal Rostroventral Areas of the Human Sylvian Fissure

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1288-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighton B. Hinkley ◽  
Leah A. Krubitzer ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Disbrow
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Sylvian Fissure ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Movement Condition ◽  
Manual Exploration ◽  
Movement Component ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs ◽  
Similar Location

We explored cortical fields on the upper bank of the Sylvian fissure using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure responses to two stimulus conditions: a tactile stimulus applied to the right hand and a tactile stimulus with an additional movement component. fMRI data revealed bilateral activation in S2/PV in response to tactile stimulation alone and source localization of MEG data identified a peak latency of 122 ms in a similar location. During the tactile and movement condition, fMRI revealed bilateral activation of S2/PV and an anterior field, while MEG data contained one source at a location identical to the tactile-only condition with a latency of 96 ms and a second rostral source with a longer latency (136 ms). Furthermore, Region-of-interest analysis of fMRI data identified increased bilateral activation in S2/PV and the rostral area in the tactile and movement condition compared with the tactile only condition. An area of cortex immediately rostral to S2/PV in monkeys has been called the parietal rostroventral area (PR). Based on location, latency, and conditions under which this field was active, we have termed the rostral area of human cortex PR as well. These findings indicate that humans, like non-human primates, have a cortical field rostral to PV that processes proprioceptive inputs, both S2/PV and PR play a role in somatomotor integration necessary for manual exploration and object discrimination, and there is a temporal hierarchy of processing with S2/PV active prior to PR.

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