scholarly journals The influence of sensory afferent input on local motor cortical excitatory circuitry in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 593 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin F. H. Cash ◽  
Reina Isayama ◽  
Carolyn A. Gunraj ◽  
Zhen Ni ◽  
Robert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Afferent Input ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Local Motor

scholarly journals Recovery of the 20 Hz Rebound to Tactile and Proprioceptive Stimulation after Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Parkkonen ◽  
Kristina Laaksonen ◽  
Lauri Parkkonen ◽  
Nina Forss
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical

Sensorimotor integration is closely linked to changes in motor-cortical excitability, observable in the modulation of the 20 Hz rhythm. After somatosensory stimulation, the rhythm transiently increases as a rebound that reflects motor-cortex inhibition. Stroke-induced alterations in afferent input likely affect motor-cortex excitability and motor recovery. To study the role of somatosensory afferents in motor-cortex excitability after stroke, we employed magnetoencephalographic recordings (MEG) at 1–7 days, one month, and 12 months in 23 patients with stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory and 22 healthy controls. The modulation of the 20 Hz motor-cortical rhythm was evaluated to two different somatosensory stimuli, tactile stimulation, and passive movement of the index fingers. The rebound strengths to both stimuli were diminished in the acute phase compared to the controls and increased significantly during the first month after stroke. However, only the rebound amplitudes to tactile stimuli fully recovered within the follow-up period. The rebound strengths in the affected hemisphere to both stimuli correlated strongly with the clinical scores across the follow-up. The results show that changes in the 20 Hz rebound to both stimuli behave similarly and occur predominantly during the first month. The 20 Hz rebound is a potential marker for predicting motor recovery after stroke.

The influence of correlated afferent input on motor cortical representations in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Schabrun ◽  
M. C. Ridding
Keyword(s):  
Afferent Input ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Cortical Representations

The limits of human performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Dieter Böning
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Research

Human performance, defined by mechanical resistance and distance per time, includes human, task and environmental factors, all interrelated. It requires metabolic energy provided by anaerobic and aerobic metabolic energy sources. These sources have specific limitations in the capacity and rate to provide re-phosphorylation energy, which determines individual ratios of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic power and their sustainability. In healthy athletes, limits to provide and utilize metabolic energy are multifactorial, carefully matched and include a safety margin imposed in order to protect the integrity of the human organism under maximal effort. Perception of afferent input associated with effort leads to conscious or unconscious decisions to modulate or terminate performance; however, the underlying mechanisms of cerebral control are not fully understood. The idea to move borders of performance with the help of biochemicals is two millennia old. Biochemical findings resulted in highly effective substances widely used to increase performance in daily life, during preparation for sport events and during competition, but many of them must be considered as doping and therefore illegal. Supplements and food have ergogenic potential; however, numerous concepts are controversially discussed with respect to legality and particularly evidence in terms of usefulness and risks. The effect of evidence-based nutritional strategies on adaptations in terms of gene and protein expression that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions is widely unknown. Biochemical research is essential for better understanding of the basic mechanisms causing fatigue and the regulation of the dynamic adaptation to physical and mental training.

The functional significance of motor-cortical oscillations for implicit and explicit motor learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pollok ◽  
D Latz ◽  
V Krause ◽  
M Butz ◽  
A Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Motor Learning

Prolongation of mechanical hyperalgesia by non nociceptive afferent input

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Schattschneider ◽  
H.K Kim ◽  
J.M Chung ◽  
R Baron
Keyword(s):  
Afferent Input ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia

Are spacial extension and recruitment of motor cortical inhibition related? Evidence using transcranial magnetic stimulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bott ◽  
M Behrang-Nia ◽  
S Klimpe ◽  
KJ Werhahn
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Motor Cortical

Recruitment of motor cortical excitability in untreated patients with epilepsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Klimpe ◽  
M Behrang-Nia ◽  
M Bott ◽  
K Werhahn
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document