Mixed Slip-Deceleration Control in Automotive Braking Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Savaresi ◽  
Mara Tanelli ◽  
Carlo Cantoni
Keyword(s):  
Convex Combination ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Longitudinal Slip

In road vehicles, wheel locking can be prevented by means of closed-loop anti-lock braking systems (ABS). Automatic braking is extensively used also for electronic stability control (ESC) systems. In braking control systems, two output variables are usually considered for regulation purposes: wheel deceleration and wheel longitudinal slip. Wheel deceleration is the controlled output traditionally used in ABS, since it can be easily measured with a simple wheel encoder; however, the dynamics of a classical regulation loop on the wheel deceleration critically depend on the road conditions. A regulation loop on the wheel longitudinal slip is simpler and dynamically robust; moreover, slip control is perfectly suited for both ABS and ESC applications. However, the wheel-slip measurement is critical, since it requires the estimation of the longitudinal speed of the vehicle body, which cannot be directly measured. Noise sensitivity of slip control hence is a critical issue, especially at low speed. In this work a new control strategy called mixed slip-deceleration (MSD) control is proposed: the basic idea is that the regulated variable is a convex combination of wheel deceleration and longitudinal slip. This strategy turns out to be very powerful and flexible: it inherits all the attractive dynamical features of slip control, while providing a much lower sensitivity to slip-measurement noise.

Anti-Lock Wheel Slip Control With an Adaptive Searching Algorithm for the Optimal Slip

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Pan ◽  
Liangyao Yu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Wang ◽  
Jian Song
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Theory ◽  
Modulation Amplitude ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pressure Modulation ◽  
Abs Algorithm

An adaptive searching algorithm for the optimal slip during ABS wheel slip control is proposed. By taking advantage of the fluctuation of wheel slip control, the direction towards the optimal slip can be found, and the target slip calculated by the algorithm asymptotically converged to the optimal slip, which is proved using the Lyapunov theory. A gain-scheduling wheel slip controller is developed to control the wheel slip to the target slip. Simulations on the uniform road and on the road with changed friction are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the ABS algorithm using the proposed searching algorithm can make full use of the road friction and adapts to road friction changes. Comparing with the conventional rule-based ABS, the pressure modulation amplitude and wheel speed fluctuation is significantly reduced, improving control performance of ABS.

Stability Control of an Autonomous Vehicle in Overtaking Manoeuvre Using Wheel Slip Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Armin Norouzi ◽  
Ali Barari ◽  
Hadi Adibi-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Control

scholarly journals Assessment of vehicle brake control functional stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Volkov ◽  
◽  
Igor Gritsuk ◽  
Tetiana Volkova ◽  
Volodymyr Kuzhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Dynamic Stabilization ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
On The Road

As you know, a radical means to prevent skidding of the vehicle (TK) during braking is the use of such integrated automatic active safety systems as anti-lock braking system (ABS), emergency brake booster, traction control system (TRC), electronic brake force distribution system EBD), stability control system (VSC), tire pressure monitoring system (TPWS), electronic control brake system (ECB), electric power steering (EPS), integrated dynamic vehicle control system (VDIM). Also, the stable position of the vehicle when driving on the road is provided by a set of automatic devices (for example dynamic stabilization system, anti-lock and anti-slip systems, etc.). Most of the cases of violation of the stable position of the vehicle on the road are related to the process of its braking. The article considers an alternative approach to stabilizing the position of the vehicle on the road during braking due to another approach to the management of its braking system. The mathematical description and schemes of position of the vehicle in the course of braking are offered. The stability of the position of the vehicle is ensured by braking the rear wheels, or braking one of the rear wheels (internal in relation to the direction of skidding), due to the system of dynamic stabilization of the course angle. Braking of the rear wheels during the initial skidding during braking allows you to stabilize the course angle of the vehicle (with full braking of the rear wheels, the stabilization time is minimal). This significantly reduces the braking efficiency of the vehicle, as only the front wheels are brake. Braking of only one rear wheel allows to provide identical duration of transition process at the highest efficiency of braking of the vehicle. On the example of a conventional vehicle, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the methods of dynamic stabilization of the course angle by braking one and two rear wheels.

A Laboratory Facility for the Study of Rubber Traction and Wear Resistance

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
P. Bandel ◽  
C. Di Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Flat Disk ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Longitudinal Slip ◽  
Driving Torque

Abstract Phenomena occurring at the interface between the tread compound and the road surface are responsible for at least two main tire characteristics: traction capability and wear resistance. Both depend on the road surface geometry, the presence of thin films of water, local contact pressure, tread element stiffness, temperature, tangential slip, etc. To discount the effect of tire construction, a laboratory test using a small solid rubber wheel has been considered. A rig is designed to easily change the “road” surface, and convert it from wet to dry conditions, run the rubber wheel on such surfaces under high braking or driving torque, and measure torque against longitudinal slip. The rig features a flat disk on which different surfaces can be simulated and two separate electric motors driving the disk and the test wheel in order to control slip instead of torque and to avoid instability at high driving or braking torques. Results show longitudinal characteristics versus slip in different test conditions and simulation of severe abrasion conditions leading to typical abrasion patterns.

Interoperability on the Road to Enhance Government-to-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Giorgos Laskaridis ◽  
Penelope Markellou ◽  
Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way

This chapter is initiated by the continuously growing governments’ effort to transform their traditional profile to a digital one, worldwide, by adopting e-government models using the ICT and the Web. The chapter deals with interoperability, which appears as the mean for accomplishing the interlinking of information, systems, and applications, not only within governments, but also in their interaction with citizens, enterprises, and public sectors. The chapter highlights the critical issue of interoperability, investigating the way it can be incorporated into e-government domain in order to provide efficient and effective e-services. It also describes the issues, tasks, and steps that are connected with interoperability in the enterprise environment, introducing and analysing a generic interoperability platform (CCIGOV platform). Finally, it illustrates future trends in the field and, thus, suggests directions of future work/research.

scholarly journals Validity of Mental Workload Measures in a Driving Simulation Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galante ◽  
Fabrizio Bracco ◽  
Carlo Chiorri ◽  
Luigi Pariota ◽  
Luigi Biggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
On The Road

Automated in-vehicle systems and related human-machine interfaces can contribute to alleviating the workload of drivers. However, each new functionality can also introduce a new source of workload, due to the need to attend to new tasks and thus requires careful testing before being implemented in vehicles. Driving simulators have become a viable alternative to on-the-road tests, since they allow optimal experimental control and high safety. However, for each driving simulator to be a useful research tool, for each specific task an adequate correspondence must be established between the behavior in the simulator and the behavior on the road, namely, the simulator absolute and relative validity. In this study we investigated the validity of a driving-simulator-based experimental environment for research on mental workload measures by comparing behavioral and subjective measures of workload of the same large group of participants in a simulated and on-road driving task on the same route. Consistent with previous studies, mixed support was found for both types of validity, although results suggest that allowing more and/or longer familiarization sessions with the simulator may be needed to increase its validity. Simulator sickness also emerged as a critical issue for the generalizability of the results.

Side Impact Performance of Structurally Integrated Space Frame Doors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Space Frame ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Structural Weakness ◽  
On The Road

About 8,000 fatalities and 69,000 serious to critical injuries occur in side impacts every year in U.S. Severe head trauma and spinal cord injuries are directly related to the extent of penetration or intrusion into the occupant’s space. In side impact crashes, lack of a strong side structure reduces the ability of the impacted vehicle to safely respond to the impacting vehicle or object. This structural weakness causes massive injuries to the occupant due to the excessive side intrusion. With the increasing number of larger and heavier vehicle such as SUVs on the road and the higher probability of being impacted by one, the need for side impact protective measures is becoming more critical. The main difficulty in designing for side impact collisions is the limited structure and energy absorption zone between the impacting vehicle and the impacted occupant. This paper discusses side impact occupant safety of space frame doors and their integration with vehicle body structure. The main objective is to explore the effect of space frame doors utilization on side intrusion and occupant response criteria. To study the effect, side impact crash tests of un-integrated and integrated space frame doors, with the vehicle body structure, are conducted.

scholarly journals An Effective Algorithm for Video-Based Parking and Drop Event Detection

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Huansheng Song ◽  
Zheng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Status Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Object Area

Real-time and accurate detection of parking and dropping events on the road is important for the avoidance of traffic accidents. The existing algorithms for detection require accurate modeling of the background, and most of them use the characteristics of two-dimensional images such as area to distinguish the type of the target. However, these algorithms significantly depend on the background and are lack of accuracy on the type of distinction. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for detecting parking and dropping objects that uses real three-dimensional information to distinguish the type of target. Firstly, an abnormal region is initially defined based on status change, when there is an object that did not exist before in the traffic scene. Secondly, the preliminary determination of the abnormal area is bidirectionally tracked to determine the area of parking and dropping objects, and the eight-neighbor seed filling algorithm is used to segment the parking and the dropping object area. Finally, a three-view recognition method based on inverse projection is proposed to distinguish the parking and dropping objects. The method is based on the matching of the three-dimensional structure of the vehicle body. In addition, the three-dimensional wireframe of the vehicle extracted by the back-projection can be used to match the structural model of the vehicle, and the vehicle model can be further identified. The 3D wireframe of the established vehicle is efficient and can meet the needs of real-time applications. And, based on experimental data collected in tunnels, highways, urban expressways, and rural roads, the proposed algorithm is verified. The results show that the algorithm can effectively detect the parking and dropping objects within different environment, with low miss and false detection rate.

Interoperability on the Road to Enhance Government-to-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 3951-3969
Author(s):  
Giorgos Laskaridis ◽  
Penelope Markellou ◽  
Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way

This chapter is initiated by the continuously growing governments’ effort to transform their traditional profile to a digital one, worldwide, by adopting e-government models using the ICT and the Web. The chapter deals with interoperability, which appears as the mean for accomplishing the interlinking of information, systems, and applications, not only within governments, but also in their interaction with citizens, enterprises, and public sectors. The chapter highlights the critical issue of interoperability, investigating the way it can be incorporated into e-government domain in order to provide efficient and effective e-services. It also describes the issues, tasks, and steps that are connected with interoperability in the enterprise environment, introducing and analysing a generic interoperability platform (CCIGOV platform). Finally, it illustrates future trends in the field and, thus, suggests directions of future work/research.

Reduction in Fatal Longitudinal Barrier Crash Rate Due to Electronic Stability Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 2521 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Hampton C. Gabler
Keyword(s):  
Stability Control ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Model Year ◽  
Injury Outcomes

Electronic stability control (ESC) is a vehicle safety system designed to keep vehicles moving in the direction commanded by the driver and thereby prevent loss-of-control crashes. Previous research has shown that ESC has been highly effective at reducing road departures related to loss of control. ESC is mandatory in all U.S. passenger vehicles manufactured from model year 2012 onward; by a 2014 estimate, ESC is in approximately one-third of passenger vehicles on the road. The proliferation of ESC may therefore alter benefit-to-cost ratios for roadside barriers. The objective of this analysis was to determine the effect of ESC on fatal crashes with roadside barriers. This objective was a first step toward determining whether ESC reduced the overall rate of crashes with roadside barriers and whether ESC had any effect on impact conditions or injury outcomes in barrier crashes. For cars, ESC reduced the odds of fatal crashes with roadside barriers by about 50% and reduced the odds of fatal rollovers that occurred in association with roadside barriers by about 45%. For light trucks and vans, ESC reduced barrier fatality odds by about 40% and barrier-associated rollover fatality odds by about 55%. By 2028, when an estimated 75% of passenger vehicles will have electronic stability control, ESC will have the potential to prevent about 410 out of an estimated 1,180 possible barrier-related fatalities per year. In the long term, once installed in every U.S. passenger vehicle, ESC could prevent about 550 of those same 1,180 possible barrier-related fatalities each year.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document