Reduction in Fatal Longitudinal Barrier Crash Rate Due to Electronic Stability Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 2521 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Hampton C. Gabler
Keyword(s):  
Stability Control ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Model Year ◽  
Injury Outcomes

Electronic stability control (ESC) is a vehicle safety system designed to keep vehicles moving in the direction commanded by the driver and thereby prevent loss-of-control crashes. Previous research has shown that ESC has been highly effective at reducing road departures related to loss of control. ESC is mandatory in all U.S. passenger vehicles manufactured from model year 2012 onward; by a 2014 estimate, ESC is in approximately one-third of passenger vehicles on the road. The proliferation of ESC may therefore alter benefit-to-cost ratios for roadside barriers. The objective of this analysis was to determine the effect of ESC on fatal crashes with roadside barriers. This objective was a first step toward determining whether ESC reduced the overall rate of crashes with roadside barriers and whether ESC had any effect on impact conditions or injury outcomes in barrier crashes. For cars, ESC reduced the odds of fatal crashes with roadside barriers by about 50% and reduced the odds of fatal rollovers that occurred in association with roadside barriers by about 45%. For light trucks and vans, ESC reduced barrier fatality odds by about 40% and barrier-associated rollover fatality odds by about 55%. By 2028, when an estimated 75% of passenger vehicles will have electronic stability control, ESC will have the potential to prevent about 410 out of an estimated 1,180 possible barrier-related fatalities per year. In the long term, once installed in every U.S. passenger vehicle, ESC could prevent about 550 of those same 1,180 possible barrier-related fatalities each year.

Analysis of Preference for Autonomous Driving Under Different Traffic Conditions Using a Driving Simulator

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udara Eshan Manawadu ◽  
◽  
Masaaki Ishikawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kamezaki ◽  
Shigeki Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
New Type ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Near Future

<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/08.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Driving simulator</div>Intelligent passenger vehicles with autonomous capabilities will be commonplace on our roads in the near future. These vehicles will reshape the existing relationship between the driver and vehicle. Therefore, to create a new type of rewarding relationship, it is important to analyze when drivers prefer autonomous vehicles to manually-driven (conventional) vehicles. This paper documents a driving simulator-based study conducted to identify the preferences and individual driving experiences of novice and experienced drivers of autonomous and conventional vehicles under different traffic and road conditions. We first developed a simplified driving simulator that could connect to different driver-vehicle interfaces (DVI). We then created virtual environments consisting of scenarios and events that drivers encounter in real-world driving, and we implemented fully autonomous driving. We then conducted experiments to clarify how the autonomous driving experience differed for the two groups. The results showed that experienced drivers opt for conventional driving overall, mainly due to the flexibility and driving pleasure it offers, while novices tend to prefer autonomous driving due to its inherent ease and safety. A further analysis indicated that drivers preferred to use both autonomous and conventional driving methods interchangeably, depending on the road and traffic conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of vehicle brake control functional stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Volkov ◽  
◽  
Igor Gritsuk ◽  
Tetiana Volkova ◽  
Volodymyr Kuzhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Dynamic Stabilization ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
On The Road

As you know, a radical means to prevent skidding of the vehicle (TK) during braking is the use of such integrated automatic active safety systems as anti-lock braking system (ABS), emergency brake booster, traction control system (TRC), electronic brake force distribution system EBD), stability control system (VSC), tire pressure monitoring system (TPWS), electronic control brake system (ECB), electric power steering (EPS), integrated dynamic vehicle control system (VDIM). Also, the stable position of the vehicle when driving on the road is provided by a set of automatic devices (for example dynamic stabilization system, anti-lock and anti-slip systems, etc.). Most of the cases of violation of the stable position of the vehicle on the road are related to the process of its braking. The article considers an alternative approach to stabilizing the position of the vehicle on the road during braking due to another approach to the management of its braking system. The mathematical description and schemes of position of the vehicle in the course of braking are offered. The stability of the position of the vehicle is ensured by braking the rear wheels, or braking one of the rear wheels (internal in relation to the direction of skidding), due to the system of dynamic stabilization of the course angle. Braking of the rear wheels during the initial skidding during braking allows you to stabilize the course angle of the vehicle (with full braking of the rear wheels, the stabilization time is minimal). This significantly reduces the braking efficiency of the vehicle, as only the front wheels are brake. Braking of only one rear wheel allows to provide identical duration of transition process at the highest efficiency of braking of the vehicle. On the example of a conventional vehicle, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the methods of dynamic stabilization of the course angle by braking one and two rear wheels.

A Moving Base Simulator Investigation of Effects of a Yaw Stability System Caused by a Side Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Andersson ◽  
Jonas Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Stability Control ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Realistic Simulation ◽  
Yaw Stability ◽  
Moving Base

The main objective of this study was to investigate how an electronic stability control (ESC) system may aid the driver in a critical sideswipe accident. Another objective was to investigate the possibility of having a realistic simulation of a sideswipe accident in a large moving base simulator. The experiment can be divided into two parts. In part one, the driver is unaware of the sudden side impact and in part two, the side impact was repeated six times. The experiment was driven by 18 persons. With the ESC system active no driver lost control, while with the system inactive there were five drivers that lost control in part one. In part two, the ESC system showed to stabilize the vehicle faster, and the improvement in stabilization time was between 40% and 62%. It was also seen that 2% loss of control occurred with an ESC system active and 45% without.

scholarly journals Rollover Index for Rollover Mitigation Function of Intelligent Commercial Vehicle’s Electronic Stability Control

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Donghoon Shin ◽  
Seunghoon Woo ◽  
Manbok Park
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Bank Angle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rollover Index

This paper describes a rollover index for detection or prediction of impending rollover in different driving situations using minimum sensor signals which can be easily obtained from an electronic stability control (ESC) system. The estimated lateral load transfer ratio (LTR) was used as a rollover index with only limited information such as the roll state of the vehicle and some constant parameters. A commercial vehicle has parameter uncertainties because of its load variation. This is likely to affect the driving performance and the estimation of the dynamic state of the vehicle. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the rollover index based on reliable measurements and the parameters of the vehicle. For this purpose, a simplified lateral and vertical vehicle dynamic model was used with some assumptions. The index is appropriate for various situations although the vehicle parameters may change. As part of the index, the road bank angle was investigated in this study, using limited information. Since the vehicle roll dynamics are affected by the road bank angle, the road bank angle should be incorporated, although previous studies ignore this factor in order to simplify the problem. Because it increases or reduces the chances of rollover, consideration of the road bank angle is indispensable in the rollover detection and mitigation function of the ESC system. The performance of the proposed algorithm was investigated via computer simulation studies. The simulation studies showed that the proposed estimation method of the LTR and road bank angle with limited sensor information followed the actual LTR value, reducing the parameter uncertainties. The simulation model was constructed based on a heavy bus (12 tons).

scholarly journals Estimated crash avoidance with the hypothetical introduction of automated vehicles: a simulation based on experts’ assessment from French in-depth data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pilet ◽  
Céline Vernet ◽  
Jean-Louis Martin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Road User ◽  
National Database ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crash Avoidance ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Objective We aimed to quantify, through simulations using real crash data, the number of potentially avoided crashes following different replacement levels of light vehicles by level-5 automated light vehicles (AVs). Methods Since level-5 AVs are not on the road yet, or are too rare, we simulated their introduction into traffic using a national database of all fatal crashes and 5% of injury crashes observed in France in 2011. We fictitiously replaced a certain proportion of light vehicles (LVs) involved in crashes by level-5 AVs, and applied crash avoidance probabilities estimated by a number of experts regarding the capabilities of AVs depending on specific configurations. Estimates of the percentage of avoided crashes per user configuration and according to three selected (10%, 50%, 100%) replacement levels were made, as well as estimates taking into account the relative weight of these crash configurations, and considering fatal and injury crashes separately. Results Our simulation suggests that a reduction of almost half of fatal crashes (56%) and injury crashes (46%) could be expected by replacing all LVs on the road with level-5 AVs. The introduction of AVs would be the least effective for crashes involving a vulnerable road user, especially motorcyclists. Conclusion This result represents encouraging prospects for the introduction of automated vehicles into traffic, while making it clear that, even with all light vehicles replaced with level 5-AVs, all issues would not be solved, especially for crashes involving motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians.

Mixed Slip-Deceleration Control in Automotive Braking Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Savaresi ◽  
Mara Tanelli ◽  
Carlo Cantoni
Keyword(s):  
Convex Combination ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Longitudinal Slip

In road vehicles, wheel locking can be prevented by means of closed-loop anti-lock braking systems (ABS). Automatic braking is extensively used also for electronic stability control (ESC) systems. In braking control systems, two output variables are usually considered for regulation purposes: wheel deceleration and wheel longitudinal slip. Wheel deceleration is the controlled output traditionally used in ABS, since it can be easily measured with a simple wheel encoder; however, the dynamics of a classical regulation loop on the wheel deceleration critically depend on the road conditions. A regulation loop on the wheel longitudinal slip is simpler and dynamically robust; moreover, slip control is perfectly suited for both ABS and ESC applications. However, the wheel-slip measurement is critical, since it requires the estimation of the longitudinal speed of the vehicle body, which cannot be directly measured. Noise sensitivity of slip control hence is a critical issue, especially at low speed. In this work a new control strategy called mixed slip-deceleration (MSD) control is proposed: the basic idea is that the regulated variable is a convex combination of wheel deceleration and longitudinal slip. This strategy turns out to be very powerful and flexible: it inherits all the attractive dynamical features of slip control, while providing a much lower sensitivity to slip-measurement noise.

scholarly journals Fast Charging Systems for Passenger Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rick Wolbertus ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Parking Facilities

This paper explores current and potential future use of fast charging stations for electric passenger vehicles. The aim of the paper is to analyse current charging patterns at fast charging stations and the role of fast charging among different charging options. These patterns are explored along the lines of the technical capabilities of the vehicles and it is found that with increasing battery capacity the need for fast charging decreases. However, for those vehicles with large charging capacities there are indications that fast charging is perceived as more convenient as these are used more often. Such results indicate a larger share for fast charging if charging capacities increase in the future. Results from a spatial analysis show that most fast charging is done at a considerable distance from home, suggesting mostly ‘on the road’ charging sessions. Some fast charging sessions are relatively close to home, especially for those without private home charging access. This shows some future potential for fast charging in cities with many on-street parking facilities.

Development of a New Lateral Stability Control System Enhanced With Accelerometer Based Tire Sensors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurkan Erdogan ◽  
Francesco Borrelli ◽  
Riccardo Tebano ◽  
Giorgio Audisio ◽  
Giulia Lori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Stability Control System ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Tire Forces

Vehicles are usually equipped with driver assistance systems such as anti-lock brake, traction control and lateral stability control systems. Although the forces maneuvering a vehicle are generated inside the tire contact patch, state of the art control systems have no feedback directly from the tires. Instead, observers based on indirect measurements are employed to close the control loop. Wireless sensors embedded inside the tires can be used to extract valuable information from the tire deformations such as forces. These forces can be used to develop adaptive stability control systems which update their parameters in real-time depending on the road and vehicle conditions. Furthermore, controllers can selectively regulate tire forces by changing brake/drive torques at each tire. This paper examines the integration of accelerometer based tire sensors with lateral stability control system (ESP). Its aim is to present the main components of a smart-tire enabled ESP and a preliminary study on potential performance improvements.

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