scholarly journals An Effective Algorithm for Video-Based Parking and Drop Event Detection

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Huansheng Song ◽  
Zheng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Status Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Object Area

Real-time and accurate detection of parking and dropping events on the road is important for the avoidance of traffic accidents. The existing algorithms for detection require accurate modeling of the background, and most of them use the characteristics of two-dimensional images such as area to distinguish the type of the target. However, these algorithms significantly depend on the background and are lack of accuracy on the type of distinction. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for detecting parking and dropping objects that uses real three-dimensional information to distinguish the type of target. Firstly, an abnormal region is initially defined based on status change, when there is an object that did not exist before in the traffic scene. Secondly, the preliminary determination of the abnormal area is bidirectionally tracked to determine the area of parking and dropping objects, and the eight-neighbor seed filling algorithm is used to segment the parking and the dropping object area. Finally, a three-view recognition method based on inverse projection is proposed to distinguish the parking and dropping objects. The method is based on the matching of the three-dimensional structure of the vehicle body. In addition, the three-dimensional wireframe of the vehicle extracted by the back-projection can be used to match the structural model of the vehicle, and the vehicle model can be further identified. The 3D wireframe of the established vehicle is efficient and can meet the needs of real-time applications. And, based on experimental data collected in tunnels, highways, urban expressways, and rural roads, the proposed algorithm is verified. The results show that the algorithm can effectively detect the parking and dropping objects within different environment, with low miss and false detection rate.

Analysis of Vehicle–Pedestrian Interactive Behaviors near Unsignalized Crosswalk

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199906
Author(s):  
Byeongjoon Noh ◽  
Dongho Ka ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of premature deaths and globally pose a severe threat to human lives. In particular, pedestrians crossing the road present a major cause of vehicle–pedestrian accidents in South Korea, but we lack dense behavioral data to understand the risk they face. This paper proposes a new analytical system for potential pedestrian risk scenes based on video footage obtained by road security cameras already deployed at unsignalized crosswalks. The system can automatically extract the behavioral features of vehicles and pedestrians, affecting the likelihood of potentially dangerous situations after detecting them in individual objects. With these features, we can analyze the movement patterns of vehicles and pedestrians at individual sites, and understand where potential traffic risk scenes occur frequently. Experiments were conducted on four selected behavioral features: vehicle velocity, pedestrian position, vehicle–pedestrian distance, and vehicle–crosswalk distance. Then, to show how they can be useful for monitoring the traffic behaviors on the road, the features are visualized and interpreted to show how they may or may not contribute to potential pedestrian risks at these crosswalks: (i) by analyzing vehicle velocity changes near the crosswalk when there are no pedestrians present; and (ii) analyzing vehicle velocities by vehicle–pedestrian distances when pedestrians are on the crosswalk. The feasibility of the proposed system is validated by applying the system to multiple unsignalized crosswalks in Osan city, South Korea.

Three Dimensional Dynamic Analyses on Stroller Wheel with Shock Absorber

2013 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Yi Chern Hsieh ◽  
Minh Hai Doan ◽  
Chen Tai Chang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element Method ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Element Method

We present the analyses of dynamics behaviors on a stroller wheel by three dimensional finite element method. The vibration of the wheel system causes by two different type barriers on the road as an experiment design to mimic the real road conditions. In addition to experiment analysis, we use two different packages to numerically simulate the wheel system dynamics activities. Some of the simulation results have good agreement with the experimental data in this research. Other interesting data will be measured and analyzed by us for future study and we will investigate them by using adaptive finite element method for increasing the precision of the computation results.

scholarly journals On the road to consistent Type Ia supernova explosion models

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Friedrich K. Röpke
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Type Ia Supernova ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Distance Indicators ◽  
Three Dimensional Simulations

AbstractKeeping up with ever more detailed observations, Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosion models have seen a brisk development over the past years. The aim is to construct a self-consistent picture of the physical processes in order to gain the predictive power necessary to answer questions arising from the application of SNe Ia as cosmological distance indicators. We review recent developments in modeling these objects focusing on three-dimensional simulations.

Real-Time V2V Communication With a Machine Learning-Based System for Detecting Drowsiness of Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Awad ◽  
Seshadri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The U.S

This article applies machine learning to detect whether a driver is drowsy and alert the driver. The drowsiness of a driver can lead to accidents resulting in severe physical injuries, including deaths, and significant economic losses. Driver fatigue resulting from sleep deprivation causes major accidents on today's roads. In 2010, nearly 24 million vehicles were involved in traffic accidents in the U.S., which resulted in more than 33,000 deaths and over 3.9 million injuries, according to the U.S. NHTSA. A significant percentage of traffic accidents can be attributed to drowsy driving. It is therefore imperative that an efficient technique is designed and implemented to detect drowsiness as soon as the driver feels drowsy and to alert and wake up the driver and thereby preventing accidents. The authors apply machine learning to detect eye closures along with yawning of a driver to optimize the system. This paper also implements DSRC to connect vehicles and create an ad hoc vehicular network on the road. When the system detects that a driver is drowsy, drivers of other nearby vehicles are alerted.

A study on Private Car Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Alamri ◽  
Tarek M. Esmael ◽  
Sami Fawzy ◽  
Hany Hosny ◽  
Saleh Attawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
On The Road

In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.

Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Complex Traffic Circumstances with Roadside LiDAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyao Zhang ◽  
Jianying Zheng ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Vehicle Detection And Tracking ◽  
On The Road

The problem of traffic safety has become increasingly prominent owing to the increase in the number of cars. Traffic accidents often occur in an instant, which makes it necessary to obtain traffic data with high resolution. High-resolution micro traffic data (HRMTD) indicates that the spatial resolution reaches the centimeter level and that the temporal resolution reaches the millisecond level. The position, direction, speed, and acceleration of objects on the road can be extracted with HRMTD. In this paper, a LiDAR sensor was installed at the roadside for data collection. An adjacent-frame fusion method for vehicle detection and tracking in complex traffic circumstances is presented. Compared with the previous research, objects can be detected and tracked without object model extraction or a bounding box description. In addition, problems caused by occlusion can be improved using adjacent frames fusion in the vehicle detection and tracking algorithms in this paper. The data processing procedure are as follows: selection of area of interest, ground point removal, vehicle clustering, and vehicle tracking. The algorithm has been tested at different sites (in Reno and Suzhou), and the results demonstrate that the algorithm can perform well in both simple and complex application scenarios.

The Integrative Establishment of a Three-Dimensional Structure Model of Changling Gas Field in Changling Fault Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3779-3782
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Yu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiao Song Li ◽  
Guo Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Modeling Technique ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
3D Geological Modeling ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Reservoir Description

The three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling technique which is considered as an important skill of fine reservoir description has been gaining more and more attention. On one hand, it can efficiently promote the transformation of reservoir description from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D, and from qualification to quantification as well. The 3D reservoir geological model can be used as basic geological knowledge in terms of adjusting well patterns and indicating remaining oil distribution, through reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics and the variation of the reservoir physical property. On the other hand, the 3D modeling technique specializes in the representation of local micro features in comparison of regular ways. This article aims at subtly describing the structural modeling of Changling gas field of Changling fault depression. The result of this case study shows that the establishment of structural model is consistent with the understanding of fault development which was proved during the process of producing gas, thus the structural model has high reliability. Therefore, the structural model is of great guiding significance for the design of new well and the well patter optimization.

scholarly journals Assessing Significant Factors Affecting Risky Riding Behaviors of Motorcyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6608
Author(s):  
Wins Cott Goh ◽  
Lee Vien Leong ◽  
Richard Jun Xian Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Hypothesis Model ◽  
On The Road

This study was conducted in Malaysia, where motorcycle traffic accidents represent a high percentage of fatality among overall traffic accidents. Studies have shown that risk perception and positive outcome of risky riding behavior have a significant impact on a rider’s decision making. Therefore, this study is targeted at further understanding of Malaysian motorcyclists within the locality of their home country. A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather motorcycle rider’s information, together with their perception of the three factors mentioned above. A reliability test of the findings was analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha, while a PCA analysis was conducted to determine the linear combinations that have maximum variance. Subsequently, a statistical model was constructed based on the latent variables’ relations, the relation between the latent variables and observed variables, and also the hypothesis model. The model confirms that the positive affect of the risky behavior has a significant positive relationship with motorcyclists’ risk behavior (estimate coefficient = 1.016). Findings in the model also show that older motorcyclists are less likely to take part in risky riding behavior while riding on the road, with an estimate coefficient of −0.037 and a negative relationship with positive affect (estimate coefficient = −0.032).

scholarly journals A Real-Time Thermal Model for the Analysis of Tire/Road Interaction in Motorcycle Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Flavio Farroni ◽  
Nicolò Mancinelli ◽  
Francesco Timpone
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Heat Exchanges

While in the automotive field the relationship between road adherence and tire temperature is mainly investigated with the aim to enhance the vehicle performance in motorsport, the motorcycle sector is highly sensitive to such theme also from less extreme applications. The small extension of the footprint, along with the need to guarantee driver stability and safety in the widest possible range of riding conditions, requires that tires work as most as possible at a temperature able to let the viscoelastic compounds-constituting the tread and the composite materials of the whole carcass structure-provide the highest interaction force with road. Moreover, both for tire manufacturing companies and for single track vehicles designers and racing teams, a deep knowledge of the thermodynamic phenomena involved at the ground level is a key factor for the development of optimal solutions and setup. This paper proposes a physical model based on the application of the Fourier thermodynamic equations to a three-dimensional domain, accounting for all the sources of heating like friction power at the road interface and the cyclic generation of heat because of rolling and to asphalt indentation, and for the cooling effects because of the air forced convection, to road conduction and to turbulences in the inflation chamber. The complex heat exchanges in the system are fully described and modeled, with particular reference to the management of contact patch position, correlated to camber angle and requiring the adoption of an innovative multi-ribbed and multi-layered tire structure. The completely physical approach induces the need of a proper parameterization of the model, whose main stages are described, both from the experimental and identification points of view, with particular reference to non-destructive procedures for thermal parameters definition. One of the most peculiar and challenging features of the model is linked with its topological and analytical structure, allowing to run in real-time, usefully for the application in co-simulation vehicle dynamics platforms, for performance prediction and setup optimization applications.

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