A Bound on the Impulse Response of Stable Rational Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacCluer
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Implied Constant ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exact Location ◽  
Poles And Zeros ◽  
Zeros And Poles

The magnitude of the impulse response of a strictly proper stable rational plant at time t is estimated to be of order 0(1/t) where the implied constant is explicitly given in terms of the spectral energy and the real parts of the zeros and poles. When exact location of poles and zeros is uncertain, this estimate can usefully replace the actual but uncertain exponential decay.

The quantitative advantages of using B-field sensors in time-domain EM measurement for mineral exploration and unexploded ordnance search

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. WB137-WB148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Asten ◽  
Andrew C. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Unexploded Ordnance ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Response Systems

The use of simple models for decay of conductive targets under conductive overburden and for the decay of magnetically permeable conductive steel objects allows quantitative consideration of the advantages of the use of magnetic-field detectors in time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) measurements, or more generally, the advantage of step response over impulse response TEM systems. We identified eight advantages of the step response versus impulse-response systems. The first two advantages relate to the inductive limit (early time) decay behavior, in which a target response amplitude is largely dependent on geometrical rather than conductivity parameters. Five further advantages occur when measuring response of a target in a conductive host or under conductive overburden; the maximum target-to-overburden response occurs 25%–30% earlier in time, the earliest target detection time occurs a factor 2–4 earlier, and the amplitude advantage of target-to-overburden response is a factor in the range of 1–10 for the step versus impulse-response systems, respectively. These advantages agree quantitatively with field observations on a chalcopyrite orebody under conductive cover. We used a model response for a conductive permeable sphere to derive mathematically consistent approximations for the power-law and exponential decay behaviors for step and impulse responses of metal objects, from which the onset of late-time exponential decay of EM responses of unexploded ordnance occurs about a factor of two earlier in time for the step response. This earlier-time transition together with the higher signal-to-noise ratio available from the step-response measurement makes measurement of the fundamental time-constant of unexploded ordnance (UXO) possible for medium and large UXO where the time constant is in the range of tens of milliseconds. This time-constant thus becomes accessible as an additional parameter for UXO characterization and discrimination.

A Deconvolution Technique for Determining the Intrinsic Fluorescence Decay Lifetimes of Crude Oils

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Quinn ◽  
S. Joubian ◽  
F. Al-Bahrani ◽  
S. Al-Aruri ◽  
Oussama Alameddine
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Nitrogen Laser ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Deconvolution Technique ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Single Exponential

A simple deconvolution procedure using FT was developed for determining the average lifetime of samples excited by a nitrogen laser pumped dye laser operating at 428 nm. To overcome the noise limitations imposed by including higher frequency harmonics in the analysis, we used an alternative approach. This approach relied on taking the Fourier transform at 21 subharmonic frequencies and using an appropriate weighting procedure in the calculation of amplitude and lifetime of the sample impulse response. A single exponential decay was assumed.

Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in Jamaica

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alton Best ◽  
Brian M. Francis ◽  
C. Justin Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
The Real ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Out Of Sample

The paper empirically examines the question of whether bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio and domestic credit to private sector as a percentage of GDP strengthens financial deepening on the real sector and hence catalyzes economic growth in Jamaica. A Granger causality approach is employed within a multivariate framework. Cointegration is used to examine the short- and long-run relationships within the model. Innovative accounting techniques (impulse response function and variance decomposition) are also utilized to determine the out-of-sample relation between financial deepening and economic growth. The empirical analysis is conducted with annual data from 1980 to 2014 with three proxies for financial deepening. The empirical evidence suggests a ‘supplying-leading’ relationship in both the short and long run. These results are confirmed by the innovation accounting techniques (impulse response function and the variance decomposition). Our findings imply that Jamaica should first concentrate on developing its financial sectors which has the potential to spur higher levels of economic growth in the real sectors of the economy.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF REAL EXCHANGE RATE IN ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Nandeeswara Rao ◽  
TassewDufera Tolcha
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Capital Inflow ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Real exchange rate has direct effects on trade particularly on international trade and has indirect effects on productions and employments, so it is crucial to understand the factors which determine its variations. This study analyses the main determinants of the real exchange rate and the dynamic adjustment of the real exchange rate following shocks to those determinants using yearly Ethiopian time series data covering the period 1971 to 2010. It begins with a review of literatures on Exchange rate, real exchange rate, determinants of the real exchange rate and provides an updated background on the exchange rate system in Ethiopia. An empirical model linking the real exchange rate to its theoretical determinants is then specified. This study had employed the cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR) analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to provide robust long run effects and short run dynamic effects on the real exchange rate. Share of investment, foreign exchange reserve, capital inflow and government consumption of non-tradable goods were the variable that have been found to have a long run relationship with the real exchange rate. The estimate of the speed of adjustment coefficient found in this study indicates that about a third of the variation in the real exchange rate from its equilibrium level is corrected within a year. The regression result of VECM reveals that terms of trade, nominal exchange rate, and one period lag of capital flow were the variables significantly affects the real exchange rate in the short run. However, the impulse response and variance decomposition analysis shows a better picture of the short run dynamics. The their analysis provided evidence that the Shocks to terms of trade, nominal exchange rate, capital inflow and share of investment have persistent effects on the real exchange rate in the short run. In general the regression results of both long run and short run models mostly suggest that the fluctuations of real exchange rates are predominantly responses to monetary policies shocks rather than fiscal policy shocks.

An alternative method for windup prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 750-758
Author(s):  
Peter Hippe
Keyword(s):  
Mimo System ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Minimum Phase ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Integral Action ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Poles And Zeros ◽  
Dynamic Element ◽  
Zeros And Poles

Abstract Windup effects can be subdivided into controller windup and plant windup. Controller windup can be prevented by stabilizing the compensator during saturation and plant windup by an additional dynamic element. When using a compensating design, i. e., the zeros and poles of the plant are compensated by the poles and zeros of the controller, plant windup does not occur. The compensating control is parametrized by one parameter allowing nearly arbitrary disturbance attenuation. This type of control is restricted to minimum-phase systems. But it has a number of advantages. It simplifies the SISO and especially the MIMO design of compensators with integral action considerably, it has good robustness properties and it allows a diagonal decoupling of the reference behavior for arbitrary MIMO system. Two examples demonstrate the results achievable.

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