The Lid-Driven Cavity Flow: A Synthesis of Qualitative and Quantitative Observations

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Koseff ◽  
R. L. Street
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Thymol Blue ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Driven Cavity ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics

A synthesis of observations of flow in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity is presented through the use of flow visualization pictures and velocity and heat flux measurements. The ratio of the cavity depth to width used was 1:1 and the span to width ratio was 3:1. Flow visualization was accomplished using the thymol blue technique and by rheoscopic liquid illuminated by laser-light sheets. Velocity measurements were made using a two-component laser-Doppler-anemometer and the heat flux on the lower boundary of the cavity was measured using flush mounted sensors. The flow is three-dimensional and is weaker at the symmetry plane than that predicted by accurate two-dimensional numerical simulations. Local three-dimensional features, such as corner vortices in the end-wall regions and longitudinal Taylor-Go¨rtler-like vortices, are significant influences on the flow. The flow is unsteady in the region of the downstream secondary eddy at higher Reynolds numbers (Re) and exhibits turbulent characteristics in this region at Re = 10,000.

On End Wall Effects in a Lid-Driven Cavity Flow

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Koseff ◽  
R. L. Street
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Thymol Blue ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Driven Cavity ◽  
Driven Cavity Flow ◽  
Cavity Width

Experiments were conducted in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow to study the effects of the end walls on the size of the downstream secondary eddy. The ratio of cavity depth to cavity width is 1:1. The span of the cavity was varied such that span-to-width ratios of 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 were obtained. Flow visualization was accomplished by the thymol blue technique, and by rheoscopic liquid illuminated by laser-light sheets, for Reynolds numbers (based on lid speed and cavity width) between 1000 and 10,000. The results indicate that the corner vortices present at the end walls, in the region of the downstream secondary eddy, are a major influence on the size of this eddy. In addition, as the span of the cavity is reduced the size of the downstream secondary eddy at the symmetry plane becomes smaller with increasing Reynolds numbers, for Reynolds numbers greater than 2000.

A Methodology of Predicting Cavity Geometry Based on the Scanned Surface Temperature Data—Prescribed Heat Flux at the Cavity Side

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Hsieh ◽  
K. C. Su
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Surface Temperature Data ◽  
Wall Position

A methodology is developed to predict a rectangular cavity lying underneath the surface of a plane wall that dissipates heat by convection to the surroundings. This is also the surface whose temperature is scanned. For a prescribed constant heat flux applying on the cavity surface the cavity depth can be predicted by equating the heat in and out of the system. An analytical procedure is developed that permits checking of the assumed cavity wall position based on comparison between the calculated and the measured surface temperatures. The method is also extended to the prediction of holes in a three-dimensional body (parallelepiped). Examples are provided to illustrate applications.

The finite-length square cylinder near wake

2009 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 453-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. WANG ◽  
Y. ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Cylinder Wake ◽  
Square Cylinder ◽  
Near Wake

This paper reports an experimental investigation of the near wake of a finite-length square cylinder, with one end mounted on a flat plate and the other free. The cylinder aspect ratio or height-to-width ratio H/d ranges from 3 to 7. Measurements were carried out mainly in a closed-loop low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number Red, based on d and the free-stream velocity of 9300 using hot-wire anemometry, laser Doppler anemometry and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The planar PIV measurements were performed in the three orthogonal planes of the three-dimensional cylinder wake, along with flow visualization conducted simultaneously in two orthogonal planes (Red = 221). Three types of vortices, i.e. the tip, base and spanwise vortices were observed and the near wake is characterized by the interactions of these vortices. Both flow visualization and two-point correlation point to an inherent connection between the three types of vortices. A model is proposed for the three-dimensional flow structure based on the present measurements, which is distinct from previously proposed models. The instantaneous flow structure around the cylinder is arch-type, regardless of H/d, consisting of two spanwise vortical ‘legs’, one on each side of the cylinder, and their connection or ‘bridge’ near the free end. Both tip and base vortices are the streamwise projections of the arch-type structure in the (y, z) plane, associated with the free-end downwash flow and upwash flow from the wall, respectively. Other issues such as the topological characteristics, spatial arrangement and interactions among the vortical structures are also addressed.

On End-Wall Corner Vortices in a Lid-Driven Cavity

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Chiang ◽  
Robert R. Hwang ◽  
W. H. Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Driven Cavity ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
End Wall

We conducted a flow simulation to study the laminar flow in a three-dimensional rectangular cavity. The ratio of cavity depth to width is 1:1, and the span to width aspect ratio (SAR) is 3:1. The governing equations defined on staggered grids were solved in a transient context by using a finite volume method, in conjunction with a segregated solution algorithm. Of the most apparent manifestation of three-dimensional characteristics, we addressed in this study the formation of corner vortices and its role in aiding the transport of fluid flows in the primary eddy and the secondary eddies.

On the Unsteady and Turbulent Characteristics of the Three-Dimensional Shear-Driven Cavity Flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jordan ◽  
S. A. Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Driven Cavity ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Moderate Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Driven Cavity Flow

The three-dimensional shear-driven cavity flow is numerically investigated at Reynolds numbers of 5000 and 10000. This investigation focuses on the unsteadiness and turbulent characteristics of the flow. At the moderate Reynolds number (Re = 5000) where the cavity flow is fully laminar, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used whereas large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology is adopted to predict the cavity flow at the higher Reynolds number (Re = 10000). Establishing a suitable form for the subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model in this complex flow is guided by the DNS results at Re = 5000. Additionally, the SGS model is verified against DNS results at Re = 7500 where the cavity flow is known through experimentation to be locally transitional. The LES results verify the published experimental evidence as well as uncover new flow features within the cavity.

Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

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