The Correlation of Drop-Size Distributions in Fuel Nozzle Sprays—Part I: The Drop-Size/Volume-Fraction Distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Fraction Distribution ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Drop Size Distributions ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

The paper presents data on the drop-size/volume-fraction distributions of sprays observed with a large number of gas-turbine fuel nozzles of different types including both pressure and air-atomizers, using a range of fuel viscosities, at a variety of operating conditions. The data were obtained by both optical and wax-droplet methods. It is shown that a universal nondimensional correlation can be established for all the fuel nozzles when the drop-size is normalized to the mass median diameter. The correlation enables prediction of the drop-size/volume-fraction distribution for a spray given only the mass median or Sauter mean diameter.

The Correlation of Drop-Size Distributions in Fuel Nozzle Sprays—Part II: The Drop-Size/Number Distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Drop Number ◽  
Drop Size Distributions ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Good Agreement

Using the data given in a companion paper by this author on drop-size/volume-fraction distributions in fuel nozzle sprays it is shown that drop-number distributions can be correlated on a nondimensional basis by cutting off data at the extreme tails of the volume distribution so that 99.74 percent of the spray is evaluated. Equations are developed for calculating both volume-fraction and number distributions given only the mass median or Sauter mean diameter for a spray. A theoretical model of the atomization process is proposed which is in good agreement with observed data. It is shown also that the accuracy of determining SMD is very little affected by lack of data at the ends of the drop-size range.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Atomization of Plain Orifice Injector Under Uniform Cross Air Flow

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Zhu ◽  
M. Y. Hou ◽  
J. S. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Nozzle Orifice ◽  
Nozzle Pressure ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

The effects of air velocity, fuel nozzle pressure drop, nozzle orifice diameter, axial and radial distance from the nozzle on a plain orifice injector atomization have been studied. The effect of interaction of two nozzles on atomization has been examined. The empirical correlation of Mass Median Diameter (MMD) of a plain orifice injector under uniform cross air flow is presented.

Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. VI.—Applications of a coarse Aerosol containning DDT to control the Tsetse Flies, Glossina morsitans Westw., Glossina swynnertoni Aust. and Glossina pallidipes Aust.

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Hocking ◽  
D. Yeo ◽  
D. G. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Coarse Aerosol ◽  
Savannah Woodland ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Glossina Swynnertoni ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

An experiment is described where applications of a coarse aerosol were made to savannah woodland containing the tsetse flies, Glossina moritans Westw., G. swynnertoni Aust. and G. pallidipes Aust.Seven applications were made, each at a nominal dosage of 0·25 lb. of technical DDT per acre and 0·25 gallons of solution per acre. The applications in any particular part of the treaed woodland covered an interval of 90 days, or rather more than two pupal periods.The coarse aerosol was produced by emitting the insecticidal solution under pressure through fine nozzles fitted to a boom. It had a mass median diameter of approximately 60 microns, and droplet dismeters varied from a few microns to approximately 200 microns.The population of G. pallidipes was so drastically reduced that it has subsequently dies out. The reduction of G. morsitans was approximately 95 per cent. The differences between the reductions are attributed mainly to differences between the ease with which the three species can be killed. It is pointed out that this is not necessarily equivalent to differences in susceptibility.Comparisons are made with previous experiments, and the different results of the various experiments are difficult to explian satisfactory. The increased cover in savannah areas during the leafy period may have reduced the effectiveness of the applications, and the total periods covered by the various series of applications were probably also important. Random effects, leading to ineffective treatments, may also be important.Costs are discussed.

The Possible Site of Action of Sodium Cromoglycate Assessed by Exercise Challenge

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Godfrey ◽  
E. Zeidifard ◽  
K. Brown ◽  
J. H. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Exercise Challenge ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Spinning Disc ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

1. The protective effect of different particle sizes of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) was assessed by exercise challenge in nine asthmatic patients. 2. SCG particles of 11·7 μm or 2·0 μm mass median diameter were generated by a spinning disc and compared with lactose placebo particles. The drugs were given 10 min before a 6 min run on a treadmill. 3. The post-exercise bronchoconstriction caused a 48% fall in peak flow rate in the placebo test, a 41% fall after the large SCG particles and a 20% fall after the small particles. 4. It is concluded that the site of action of SCG is probably in the smallest airways.

Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. II.—An experimental Attempt to Produce a Fly-free Corridor through a Belt of Tsetse-infested Woodland

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Hocking ◽  
H. C. M. Parr ◽  
D. Yeo ◽  
P. A. Robins
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Savannah Woodland ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

An experimental attempt was made to produce a fly-free corridor through a belt of savannah woodland containing the tsetse fly G. swynnertoni.An area two miles wide and four miles long was treated with a coarse spray of a 4·6 per cent, w/v solution of DDT in Shell Diesoline. The dosage per application was 0·5 gallons per acre, and seven applications were made, at intervals of approximately two weeks, so that the treatment covered two pupal periods.The fly density had fallen to a very low level by the end of the experiment, and the area remained virtually free from flies for the subsequent two months. An examination of the data suggests, however, that the fly population was maintained largely by immigrant flies, and was certainly subject to wide variations, and it seems certain that the effect of the applications would have been considerably less upon a stable, self-supporting population.The drop spectrum of the ground deposit had a mass median diameter of 0·35 mm., and the recovery of insecticide in the area was approximately 60 per cent. Leeward and under sides of obstacles did not receive a dose although in some cases dosages were obtained on apparently leeward sides, probably because of local reversals of wind direction.

scholarly journals Mass median diameter of environmental particulates assessed by cascade centripeter

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
T. Toyama ◽  
H. Kondo ◽  
M. Kusumoto ◽  
H. Momotani
Keyword(s):  
Median Diameter ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

Mass Median Diameter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Duffus ◽  
Monica Nordberg ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Median Diameter ◽  
Mass Median ◽  
Mass Median Diameter

Drop-Size Distributions of Newtonian Liquid Sprays Produced by Fan-Jet Pressure Nozzles

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Janna ◽  
J. E. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Drop Size Distribution ◽  
Newtonian Liquid ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Liquid Sprays ◽  
Drop Size Distributions

The drop size distribution was measured by Newtonian liquid sprays produced by fan-jet pressure nozzles, operating in the pressure range 500 to nearly 3000 psig (3 450 to 20 680 kPa). The fluids used were water and a water-glycerin mixture. A collection device was constructed and droplets were captured on soot coated microscope slides. Subsequent sizing of the impacted particles with a microscope yielded drop size distribution data of accumulated volume per cent versus diameter. An experimental analysis was performed to relate the nozzle wall shear to the volume median diameter of the spray distribution. A linear correlation was found to exist on a semilog graph; for the Newtonian liquid sprays, it was determined that the volume median diameter could be predicted with: Dd=+8.5183−1.1113logτρQμσ

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