Reducibility and Analysis of Linear Quasi-Periodic Systems Via Normal Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. B. Waswa ◽  
Sangram Redkar
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Constant Coefficient ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Time History ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
State Augmentation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Averaging Techniques

Abstract This article introduces a technique to accomplish reducibility of linear quasi-periodic systems into constant-coefficient linear systems. This is consistent with congruous proofs common in literature. Our methodology is based on Lyapunov–Floquet transformation, normal forms, and enabled by an intuitive state augmentation technique that annihilates the periodicity in a system. Unlike common approaches, the presented approach does not employ perturbation or averaging techniques and does not require a periodic system to be approximated from the quasi-periodic system. By considering the undamped and damped linear quasi-periodic Hill-Mathieu equation, we validate the accuracy of our approach by comparing the time-history behavior of the reduced linear constant-coefficient system with the numerically integrated results of the initial quasi-periodic system. The two outcomes are shown to be in exact agreement. Consequently, the approach presented here is demonstrated to be accurate and reliable. Moreover, we employ Floquet theory as part of our analysis to scrutinize the stability and bifurcation properties of the undamped and damped linear quasi-periodic system.

Lyapunov Perron Transformation for Linear Quasi-Periodic Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheelkumar C. Subramanian ◽  
Sangram Redkar ◽  
Peter Waswa
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
P Transformation ◽  
State Augmentation ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract It is known that a Lyapunov Perron (L-P) transformation converts a quasi-periodic system into a reduced system with a time-invariant coefficient. Though a closed form expression for L-P transformation matrix is missing in the literature, the application of combination of multiple theories would aid in such transformation. In this work, the authors have worked on extending the Floquet theory to find L-P transformation. As an example, a commutative system with linear quasi-periodic coefficients is transformed into a system with time-invariant coefficient analytically. Furthermore, for non-commutative systems, similar results are obtained in this work, with the help of an intuitive state augmentation and Normal Forms technique. The results of the reduced system are compared with the numerical integration technique for validation.

An Approximate Analysis of Quasi-Periodic Systems Via Floquét Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Sharma ◽  
S. C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Excitation ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Picard Iteration ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Periodic Coefficients ◽  
Stability Diagrams ◽  
The Stability

Parametrically excited linear systems with oscillatory coefficients have been generally modeled by Mathieu or Hill equations (periodic coefficients) because their stability and response can be determined by Floquét theory. However, in many cases, the parametric excitation is not periodic but consists of frequencies that are incommensurate, making them quasi-periodic. Unfortunately, there is no complete theory for linear dynamic systems with quasi-periodic coefficients. Motivated by this fact, in this work, an approximate approach has been proposed to determine the stability and response of quasi-periodic systems. It is suggested here that a quasi-periodic system may be replaced by a periodic system with an appropriate large principal period and thus making it suitable for an application of the Floquét theory. Based on this premise, a systematic approach has been developed and applied to three typical quasi-periodic systems. The approximate boundaries in stability charts obtained from the proposed method are very close to the exact boundaries of original quasi-periodic equations computed numerically using maximal Lyapunov exponents. Further, the frequency spectra of solutions generated near approximate and exact boundaries are found to be almost identical ensuring a high degree of accuracy. In addition, state transition matrices (STMs) are also computed symbolically in terms of system parameters using Chebyshev polynomials and Picard iteration method. Stability diagrams based on this approach are found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained from numerical methods. The coefficients of parametric excitation terms are not necessarily small in all cases.

Comparison of Poincaré Normal Forms and Floquet Theory for Analysis of Linear Time Periodic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheelkumar C. Subramanian ◽  
Sangram Redkar
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Identity Transformations ◽  
Time Periodic

Abstract In this work, the authors draw comparisons between the Floquet theory and Normal Forms technique and apply them towards the investigation of stability bounds for linear time periodic systems. Though the Normal Forms technique has been predominantly used for the analysis of nonlinear equations, in this work, the authors utilize it to transform a linear time periodic system to a time-invariant system, similar to the Lyapunov–Floquet (L–F) transformation. The authors employ an intuitive state augmentation technique, modal transformation, and near identity transformations to facilitate the application of time-independent Normal Forms. This method provides a closed form analytical expression for the state transition matrix (STM). Additionally, stability analysis is performed on the transformed system and the comparative results of dynamical characteristics and temporal variations of a simple linear Mathieu equation are also presented in this work.

An Approximate Analysis of Quasi-Periodic Systems via Floquét Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Sharma ◽  
Subhash C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Excitation ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Periodic Coefficients ◽  
Approximate Approach ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
P Transformation ◽  
The Stability

Parametrically excited systems are generally represented by a set of linear/nonlinear ordinary differential equations with time varying coefficients. In most cases, the linear systems have been modeled by Mathieu or Hill equations (periodic coefficients) because their stability and response can be determined by Floquét theory. However, in many cases the parametric excitation is not periodic but consists of frequencies that are incommensurate, making them quasi-periodic. Unfortunately, there is no complete theory for linear dynamic systems with quasi-periodic coefficients. Motivated by this fact, in this work, an approximate approach has been proposed to determine the stability and response of quasi-periodic systems. Although Floquét theory is applicable only to periodic systems, it is suggested here that a quasi-periodic system may be replaced by a periodic system with an appropriate large principal period and thus making it suitable for an application of the Floquét theory. Based on this premise, a systematic approach has been developed and applied to two typical quasi-periodic systems. The approximate boundaries in stability charts obtained from the proposed method are extremely close to the exact boundaries of the original quasi-periodic equations. The exact boundaries are detected by computing the maximal Lyapunov exponents. Further, the frequency spectra of solutions generated near approximate and exact boundaries are found to be almost identical ensuring a high degree of accuracy. The coefficients of the parametric excitation terms are not necessarily small in all cases. ‘Instability loops’ or ‘Instability pockets’ that appear in the stability diagram of Meissner’s equation are also observed in one case presented here. The proposed approximate approach would allow one to construct Lyapunov-Perron (L-P) transformation matrices that reduce quasi-periodic systems to systems whose linear parts are time-invariant. The L-P transformation would pave the way for controller design and bifurcation analysis of quasi-periodic systems.

Lyapunov Perron Transformation for Quasi-Periodic Systems and its Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Susheelkumar Cherangara Subramanian ◽  
Sangram Redkar
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Invariant System ◽  
External Excitation ◽  
P Transformation ◽  
State Augmentation ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Time Invariant System

Abstract This paper depicts the application of symbolically computed Lyapunov Perron (L-P) Transformation to solve linear and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. The L-P transformation converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a time-invariant one. State augmentation and the method of Normal Forms are used to compute the L-P transformation analytically. The state augmentation approach converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a nonlinear time invariant system as the quasi-periodic parametric excitation terms are replaced by ‘fictitious’ states. This nonlinear system can be reduced to a linear system via Normal Forms in the absence of resonances. In this process, one obtains near identity transformation that contains fictitious states. Once the quasi-periodic terms replace the fictitious states they represent, the near identity transformation is converted to the L-P transformation. The L-P transformation can be used to solve linear quasi-periodic systems with external excitation and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. Two examples are included in this work, a commutative quasi-periodic system and a non-commutative Mathieu-Hill type quasi-periodic system. The results obtained via the L-P transformation approach match very well with the numerical integration and analytical results.

Unification of Poincaré and Floquet Theory for Time Periodic Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheelkumar C. Subramanian ◽  
Sangram Redkar
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Time Periodic

Abstract As per Floquet theory, a transformation matrix (Lyapunov Floquet transformation matrix) converts a linear time periodic system to a linear time-invariant one. Though a closed form expression for such a matrix was missing in the literature, this method has been widely used for studying the dynamical stability of a time periodic system. In this paper, the authors have derived a closed form expression for the Lyapunov Floquet (L-F) transformation matrix analytically using intuitive state augmentation, Modal Transformation and Normal Forms techniques. The results are tested and validated with the numerical methods on a Mathieu equation with and without damping. This approach could be applied to any linear time periodic systems.

Effects of a Magnetic Modulation on the Stability of a Magnetic Liquid Layer Heated From Above

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saı¨d Aniss ◽  
Mohamed Belhaq ◽  
Mohamed Souhar
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Magnetic Liquid ◽  
Damping Term ◽  
Onset Of Convection ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Sinusoidal Magnetic Field ◽  
The Stability

The effect of a time-sinusoidal magnetic field on the onset of convection in a horizontal magnetic fluid layer heated from above and bounded by isothermal non magnetic boundaries is investigated. The analysis is restricted to static and linear laws of magnetization. A first order Galerkin method is performed to reduce the governing linear system to the Mathieu equation with damping term. Therefore, the Floquet theory is used to determine the convective threshold for the free-free and rigid-rigid cases. With an appropriate choice of the ratio of the magnetic and gravitational forces, we show the possibility to produce a competition between the harmonic and subharmonic modes at the onset of convection.

Parametrically Excited Behavior of a Railway Wheelset

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lieh ◽  
I. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Time History ◽  
Parametrically Excited ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
Instability Regions ◽  
The Stability

The dynamic response of rail vehicles is affected by parameters such as wheel-rail geometry, track gage, and axle load. Variations in these parameters, as a rail vehicle moves down the track, can cause instabilities that are related to parametrically excited behavior. This paper reports on the use of Floquet Theory to predict the stability and instability regions for a single wheelset subjected to harmonic variations in wheel-rail geometry, track gage and axle load. Time studies showing the response of a wheelset to various initial conditions are also included. The results show that harmonic variations in the wheel-rail geometry can influence the behavior of a wheelset significantly. The system is especially susceptible to variations in conicity. Time history studies show that the response is dependent on initial conditions, the amount of variations and the magnitude of the excitation frequency.

Stability of an Axially Accelerating String Subjected to Frictional Guiding-Forces

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Zen ◽  
Sinan Mu¨ftu¨
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Time History ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Initial Tension ◽  
Axial Acceleration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rigid Supports ◽  
Adaptive Step

The dynamic response of an axially translating continuum subjected to the combined effects of a pair of spring supported frictional guides and axial acceleration is investigated; such systems are both non-conservative and gyroscopic. The continuum is modeled as a tensioned string translating between two rigid supports with a time dependent velocity profile. The equations of motion are derived with the extended Hamilton’s principle and discretized in the space domain with the finite element method. The stability of the system is analyzed with the Floquet theory for cases where the transport velocity is a periodic function of time. Direct time integration using an adaptive step Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to verify the results of the Floquet theory. Results are given in the form of time history diagrams and instability point grids for different sets of parameters such as the location of the stationary load, the stiffness of the elastic support, and the values of initial tension. This work showed that presence of friction adversely affects stability, but using non-zero spring stiffness on the guiding force has a stabilizing effect.

A Simple Approach for the Computation of Lyapunov-Floquet Transformations for the Mathieu Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Adjoint System ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Periodic Systems ◽  
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Time Periodic

Abstract Lyapunov-Floquet (L-F) transformations reduce linear ordinary differential equations with time-periodic coefficients (so-called linear time-periodic systems) to equations with constant coefficients. The present work proposes a simple approach to construct L-F transformations. The solution of a linear time-periodic system can be expressed as a product of an exponential term and a periodic term. Using this Floquet form of a solution, the ordinary differential equation corresponding to a linear time-periodic system reduces to an eigenvalue problem. Next, eigenanalysis is performed to obtain the general solution and subsequently, the state transition matrix of the time-periodic system is constructed. Then, the Lyapunov-Floquet theorem is used to compute L-F transformation. The inverse of L-F transformation is determined by defining the adjoint system to the time-periodic system. Mathieu equation is investigated in this work and L-F transformations and their inverse are generated for stable and unstable cases. These transformations are very useful in the design of controllers using time-invariant methods and in the bifurcation studies of nonlinear time-periodic systems.

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