Effects of Rotations With Legume on Soil Functional Microbial Communities Involved in Phosphorus Transformation

Including legumes in the cereal cropping could improve the crop yield and the uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of subsequent cereals. The effects of legume-cereal crop rotations on the soil microbial community have been studied in recent years, the impact on soil functional genes especially involved in P cycling is raising great concerns. The metagenomic approach was used to investigate the impacts of crop rotation managements of soybean-wheat (SW) and maize-wheat (MW) lasting 2 and 7years on soil microbial communities and genes involved in P transformation in a field experiment. Results indicated that SW rotation increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, reduced Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Chloroflexi compared to MW rotation. gcd, phoR, phoD, and ppx predominated in genes involved in P transformation in both rotations. Genes of gcd, ppa, and ugpABCE showed higher abundances in SW rotation than in MW rotation, whereas gadAC and pstS showed less abundances. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes played predominant roles in microbial P cycling. Our study provides a novel insight into crop P, which requires strategy and help to understand the mechanism of improving crop nutrient uptake and productivity in different rotations.

Characterisation of soil phosphorus forms in the soil-plant system using radioisotopic tracer method

Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to follow the sorption processes of added phosphorus (P) fertiliser using the radioisotope tracer technique. Increasing doses of P fertiliser (40, 80, 160, 320 mg P/kg soil) were added to Chernozem and Arenosol and incubated for 1, 3, and 13 weeks. After incubation, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was sown in one group of pots, and the experiment had been continuing for another 9 weeks. The yield, grass P uptake, isotopically exchangeable (P_IE), water-soluble (P_W), and ammonium lactate soluble phosphorus (P_AL) fractions of soils were measured. On Chernozem, plant P uptake, P_IE, P_W and P_AL were significantly less in the case of the longest incubation period compared to shorter incubations. This suggests a transformation of P into tightly sorbed form. On Arenosol, there were only small changes in the parameters as the incubation period increased, suggesting less intense P transformation to tightly sorbed form. The P_W/P_IE ratio enhanced with increasing P-doses, and the ratios were higher on Arenosol. On Arenosol, the higher P doses caused a greater increase of P_W than on Chernozem. The P_IE + P_W showed a good correlation with plant P uptake proving this value can be a good indicator of plant-available phosphorus.

Lyapunov Perron Transformation for Quasi-Periodic Systems and its Applications

This paper depicts the application of symbolically computed Lyapunov Perron (L-P) Transformation to solve linear and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. The L-P transformation converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a time-invariant one. State augmentation and the method of Normal Forms are used to compute the L-P transformation analytically. The state augmentation approach converts a linear quasi-periodic system into a nonlinear time invariant system as the quasi-periodic parametric excitation terms are replaced by ‘fictitious’ states. This nonlinear system can be reduced to a linear system via Normal Forms in the absence of resonances. In this process, one obtains near identity transformation that contains fictitious states. Once the quasi-periodic terms replace the fictitious states they represent, the near identity transformation is converted to the L-P transformation. The L-P transformation can be used to solve linear quasi-periodic systems with external excitation and nonlinear quasi-periodic systems. Two examples are included in this work, a commutative quasi-periodic system and a non-commutative Mathieu-Hill type quasi-periodic system. The results obtained via the L-P transformation approach match very well with the numerical integration and analytical results.

Transformation from triple helicene to double helicene embedding adjacent stereogenic carbon atoms and axial stereogenicity

Transformation of triple helicene (TH) to double helicene (DH) with adjacent stereogenic carbon atoms and axial stereogenicity was achieved by the unexpected conjugate addition to the central aromatic ring of...

Hydrogenated or oxyfunctionalized turpentine: options for automotive fuel components

Transformation of turpentine by catalytic hydrogenation and oxyfunctionalization enhances notably the diesel properties. Particularly, oxyturpentine improves the soot tendency and hydroturpentine the cold flow properties.

Business Transformation Controlling jenseits der Digitalisierung

Transformation in allen denkbaren Ausprägungen von klassisch bis digital ist in aller Munde. Ob es als „Schreckgespenst” oder als die Chance für ein Unternehmen wahrgenommen wird, hängt oftmals davon ab, wie viel Vertrauen in die Fähigkeiten der Organisation gesetzt werden und wie ausgeprägt der Optimismus ist. Ohne ein wirksames Steuerungsinstrumentarium ist aber auch das größte Vertrauen und der unerschütterliche Optimismus als Basis nicht genug. Aus diesem Grund wird nachfolgend ein Business Transformation Controlling konzipiert, das die Anforderung an eine ganzheitlich gesteuerte Transformation aufnimmt und dabei unabhängig von einem spezifischen Kontext, wie z. B. der Digitalisierung, aufgesetzt werden kann – der Kontext verändert letztlich „nur“ die Ausprägung.

Enhanced proton conductivity in a flexible metal–organic framework promoted by single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation

Transformation of MFM-722(Pb)-DMA to MFM-722(Pb)-H2O leads to an increase in proton conductivity linked to a structural transition.

Earth-abundant 3d-transition-metal catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass conversion

Transformation of biomass to chemicals and fuels is a long-term goal in both science and industry. Here, we review the fast development and recent advances of 3d-metal-based catalysts including Cu, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn in lignocellulosic biomass conversion.