Nonsteady Operational Behavior of Single-Shaft and Two-Shaft Closed-Cycle Gas Turbines

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
R. Krapp ◽  
U. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Emergency Shutdown ◽  
Reference Plants ◽  
Load Release

The nonsteady operational behavior of single- and two-shaft closed-cycle gas turbines is investigated on the basis of two reference plants. The behavior in case of a full-load release and after emergency shutdown was calculated. It is proved that these disturbances of operation can be mastered in two-shaft plants as well as in single-shaft plants. Furthermore, the stresses caused by dynamic changes in the circuit and to be considered in designing a closed-cycle gas turbine were investigated.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

scholarly journals The Role of the Recuperator in High Performance Gas Turbine Applications

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat ◽  
Prime Movers

With soaring fuel costs and diminishing clean fuel availability, the efficiency of the industrial gas turbine must be improved by utilizing the exhaust waste heat by either incorporating a recuperator or by co-generation, or both. In the future, gas turbines for power generation should be capable of operation on fuels hitherto not exploited in this prime-mover, i.e., coal and nuclear fuel. The recuperative gas turbine can be used for open-cycle, indirect cycle, and closed-cycle applications, the latter now receiving renewed attention because of its adaptability to both fossil (coal) and nuclear (high temperature gas-cooled reactor) heat sources. All of these prime-movers require a viable high temperature heat exchanger for high plant efficiency. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the increasingly important role of the recuperator and the complete spectrum of recuperative gas turbine applications is surveyed, from lightweight propulsion engines, through vehicular and industrial prime-movers, to the large utility size nuclear closed-cycle gas turbine. For each application, the appropriate design criteria, types of recuperator construction (plate-fin or tubular etc.), and heat exchanger material (metal or ceramic) are briefly discussed.

Closed Cycle Gas Turbines: An ECAS Update — Part 1

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Daudet ◽  
C. A. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents a discussion of the significant results of a study program conducted for the Department of Energy to evaluate the potential for closed cycle gas turbines and the associated combustion heater systems for use in coal fired public utility power plants. Two specific problem areas were addressed: (a) the identification and analysis of system concepts which offer high overall plant efficiency consistent with low cost of electricity (COE) from coal-pile-to-bus-bar, and (b) the identification and conceptual design of combustor/heat exchanger concepts compatible for use as the cycle gas primary heater for those plant systems. The study guidelines were based directly upon the ground rules established for the ECAS studies to facilitate comparison of study results. Included is a discussion of a unique computer model approach to accomplish the system analysis and parametric studies performed to evaluate entire closed cycle gas turbine utility power plants with and without Rankine bottoming cycles. Both atmospheric fluidized bed and radiant/convective combustor /heat exchanger systems were addressed. Each incorporated metallic or ceramic heat exchanger technology. The work culminated in conceptual designs of complete coal fired, closed cycle gas turbine power plants. Critical component technology assessment and cost and performance estimates for the plants are also discussed.

Comparative Performance Study of Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Utilizing Cryogenic Cold

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Cycle Temperature

The re-evaporation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is capable of acting as a low temperature heat sink for power cycles, thereby enhancing the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Leaving aside the detail of the appropriate heat exchanger technology, the comparative performance of improved high and low temperature closed cycle gas turbines is investigated using non-dimensionalized performance analysis. It was shown that the effect of lowering the minimum cycle temperature on the efficiency is equivalent to raising the maximum cycle temperature by a multiple amount. The specific output, however, decreases to a fraction of that achieved by the cycle with the original minimum cycle temperature. Implications are drawn for the application of the closed cycle gas turbine utilizing cryogenic cold.

State-of-the-Art Review of Closed Cycle Gas Turbines Burning Dirty Fuels

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Provenzale
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Critical Components

The Closed Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) offers potential savings in operating costs due to high system efficiency and the ability to direct fire coal. However, for the full potential of CCGT to be realized, more competitive cost information must be generated, correlated, and compared with conventional steam power systems. Current development programs are intended to resolve many of the remaining uncertainties in design, performance, and cost by detailed examination and testing of critical components of CCGT coal-fired power systems. This paper reviews current technology developments and economic considerations of the closed cycle gas turbine burning dirty fuels versus conventional steam power systems.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

Highlights and Future Development of Closed-Cycle Gas Turbines

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
J. Rurik ◽  
H. Griepentrog
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Design Construction

At the moment the closed-cycle gas turbine attracts considerable attention due to: 1 The possibility of directly coupling the closed-cycle gas turbine with a gas-cooled high temperature reactor; 2 the economical use of dry coolers to reduce the thermal charge of the environment; and 3 the reduction of pollution and energy consumption, by replacing the domestic hearth by a central heating and power station. The experience gained in the development, design, construction and operation of the closed-cycle gas turbines at present in service is to be used for these new applications. In this paper, four closed-cycle gas turbine plants in operation in Europe are described and the experience obtained is summarized. The incorporation of the experience gained with these plants in the design and construction of future closed-cycle gas turbines using helium as a working medium is shown with the example of a 50 MW helium turbine. The combined application of experience and a new design philosophy results in a rather unconventional gas turbine.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Power Plant Possibilities With a Nuclear Heat Source: Closed and Open Cycles

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Nuclear Heat ◽  
High Temperature Gas

With the capability of burning a variety of fossil fuels, giving high thermal efficiency, and operating with low emissions, the gas turbine is becoming a major prime-mover for a wide spectrum of applications. Almost three decades ago two experimental projects were undertaken in which gas turbines were actually operated with heat from nuclear reactors. In retrospect, these systems were ahead of their time in terms of technology readiness, and prospects of the practical coupling of a gas turbine with a nuclear heat source towards the realization of a high efficiency, pollutant free, dry-cooled power plant has remained a long-term goal, which has been periodically studied in the last twenty years. Technology advancements in both high temperature gas-cooled reactors, and gas turbines now make the concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant realizable. Two possible plant concepts are highlighted in this paper, (1) a direct cycle system involving the integration of a closed-cycle helium gas turbine with a modular high temperature gas cooled reactor (MHTGR), and (2) the utilization of a conventional and proven combined cycle gas turbine, again with the MHTGR, but now involving the use of secondary (helium) and tertiary (air) loops. The open cycle system is more equipment intensive and places demanding requirements on the very high temperature heat exchangers, but has the merit of being able to utilize a conventional combined cycle turbo-generator set. In this paper both power plant concepts are put into perspective in terms of categorizing the most suitable applications, highlighting their major features and characteristics, and identifying the technology requirements. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Karl Bammert who actively supported deployment of the closed-cycle gas turbine for several decades with a variety of heat sources including fossil, solar, and nuclear systems.

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