scholarly journals Conical Grid Plate Flame Stabilizers for Combustor Primary Zones

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Ali ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Shear Layers ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Grid Plate

Emission results are presented for a jet shear layer flame stabiliser design consisting of a 90° conical flame stabiliser with an array of holes and a central annular vaporiser fuel injection system. This design was tested with premixed propane and air and with direct propane injection into the vaporiser at two blockages and approach velocities. The results showed that an array of jet shear layers could be fuelled by a single fuel injector without incurring excessive NOx emissions. An increase in the primary zone residence time was found to result in an improved combustion efficiency, with no increase in NOx, provided that the stabiliser blockage was increased to maintain the pressure loss.

Conical Grid Plate Flame Stabilizers: Stability and Emissions for Liquid Fuels

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Ali ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Air Jets ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Grid Plate

Flame Stability and Emission results are presented for a jet shear layer primary zone design consisting of a 90° conical flame stabiliser with a central annular vaporiser fuel injection system feeding an array of air jets. The performance with kerosene and gas oil fuels is compared with previous work with propane. The influence of the primary zone residence time or Mach number is shown to be much more significant for liquid fuels than for propane. An acceptable combustion efficiency was only achieved at a Mach number of 0.03, corresponding to 60% of the combustion air in the primary zone, provided that the pressure loss was maintained as the Mach number was reduced by using a stabiliser of higher blockage. NOx emissions with kerosene were compatible with those for propane, but for gas oil there was a significant increase in NOx.

scholarly journals Reduced NOx Emissions Using Low Radial Swirler Vane Angles

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Alkabie ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
Swirl Vane ◽  
Vane Angle

The influence of vane angle and hence swirl number of a radial swirler on the weak extinction, combustion inefficiency and NOx emissions was investigated at lean gas turbine combustor primary zone conditions. A 140mm diameter atmospheric pressure low NOx combustor primary zone was developed with a Mach number simulation of 30% and 43% of the combustor air flow into the primary zone through a curved blade radial swirler. The range of radial swirler vane angles was 0–60 degrees and central radially outward fuel injection was used throughout with a 600K inlet temperature. For zero vane angle radially inward jets were formed that impinged and generated a strong outer recirculation. This was found to have much lower NOx characteristics compared with a 45 degree swirler at the same pressure loss. However, the lean stability and combustion efficiency in the near weak extinction region was not as good. With swirl the central recirculation zone enhanced the combustion efficiency. For all the swirl vane angles there was little difference in combustion inefficiency between the swirlers. However, the NOx emissions were reduced at the lowest swirl angles and vane angles in the range 20–30 degrees were considered to be the optimum for central injection. NOx emissions for central injection as low as 5ppm at 15% oxygen and 1 bar were demonstrated for zero swirl and 20 degree swirler vane angle. This would scale to well under 25 ppm at pressure for all current industrial gas turbines.

Emission and Performance of a Lean-Premixed Gas Fuel Injection System for Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Engines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Snyder ◽  
Thomas J. Rosfjord ◽  
John B. McVey ◽  
Aaron S. Hu ◽  
Barry C. Schlein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Lean Premixed

A dry-low-NOx, high-airflow-capacity fuel injection system for a lean-premixed combustor has been developed for a moderate pressure ratio (20:1) aeroderivative gas turbine engine. Engine requirements for combustor pressure drop, emissions, and operability have been met. Combustion performance was evaluated at high power conditions in a high-pressure, single-nozzle test facility which operates at full baseload conditions. Single digit NOx levels and high combustion efficiency were achieved A wide operability range with no signs of flashback, autoignition, or thermal problems was demonsuated. NOx sensitivities 10 pressure and residence time were found to be small at flame temperatures below 1850 K (2870 F). Above 1850 K some NOx sensitivity to pressure and residence Lime was observed and was associated with the increased role of the thermal NOx production mechanism at elevated flame temperatures.

Development of Fuel Injector and Fuel Pump for a Fuel Injection System to Use in Small Motorcycles

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ujiie ◽  
Hidetoshi Saito ◽  
Minoru Ueda ◽  
Shunji Akamatsu ◽  
Akira Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Fuel Pump

Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Response of a Diesel Fuel Injector Using CFD

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yi ◽  
Aleksandra Egelja ◽  
Clement J. Sung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Diesel Fuel Injection ◽  
Very High

The development of a very high pressure diesel fuel injection system has been one of the key solutions to improve engine performance and to reduce emissions. The diesel fuel management in the injector directly affects how the fuel spray is delivered to the combustion chamber, and therefore affects the mixing, combustion and the pollutants formation. To design such a very high pressure diesel fuel injection system, an advanced CFD tool to predict the complex flow in the fuel injection system is required in the robust design process. In this paper, a novel 3D CFD dynamic mesh with cavitation model is developed to simulate the dynamic response of the needle motion of a diesel fuel injector corresponding to high common rail pressure and other dimensional design variables, coupling with the imbalance of the spring force and the flow force (pressure plus viscous force). A mixture model is used for cavitation resulting from high speed flow in fuel injector. Due to the lack of experimental data, the model presented in this paper is only validated by a limited set of experimental data. Required meshing strategy is also discussed in the paper.

Conical Grid Plate Flame Stabilizers: Number and Size of Jet Shear Layers

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Ali ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Shear Layers ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
Grid Plate ◽  
Total Shear ◽  
Better Than

The influence of the number and size of the jet shear layers, at a constant total hole area, was investigated in a propane fuelled conical grid plate flame stabiliser. The combustion inefficiency, NOx and flame stability were determined for shear layer designs with 90, 8 and 4 holes. The total shear layer volume increased as the number of holes was reduced and combustion within these larger shear layers was responsible for the superior flame stability and combustion efficiency, but higher NOx emissions. Large shear layers and hence a small number of holes were necessary to achieve an adequate performance at a 400K inlet temperature, but at 600K the 90 hole system had the best combination of low NOx and combustion inefficiency. However, the 8 hole system had a performance close to the 90 hole system at 600K and better than it at 400K and was concluded to be the preferable design.

Effect of transverse fuel injection system on combustion efficiency in scramjet combustor

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 119511
Author(s):  
Kumari Ambe Verma ◽  
Krishna Murari Pandey ◽  
Mukul Ray ◽  
Kaushal Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Scramjet Combustor

Emission and Performance of a Lean-Premixed Gas Fuel Injection System for Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Engines

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Snyder ◽  
T. J. Rosfjord ◽  
J. B. McVey ◽  
A. S. Hu ◽  
B. C. Schlein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Lean Premixed

A dry-low-NOx, high-airflow-capacity fuel injection system for a lean-premixed combustor has been developed for a moderate pressure ratio (20:1) aeroderivative gas turbine engine. Engine requirements for combustor pressure drop, emissions, and operability have been met. Combustion performance was evaluated at high power conditions in a high-pressure, single-nozzle test facility, which operates at full base-load conditions. Single digit NOx levels and high combustion efficiency were achieved. A wide operability range with no signs of flashback, autoignition, or thermal problems was demonstrated. NOx sensitivities to pressure and residence time were found to be small at flame temperatures below 1850 K (2870°F). Above 1850 K some NOx sensitivity to pressure and residence time was observed and was associated with the increased role of the thermal NOx production mechanism at elevated flame temperatures.

Single Cylinder Testing of a High-Pressure Electronic Pilot Fuel Injector for Low NOx Emission Dual Fuel Engines: Part I—Baseline, Feasibility, and Comparative Testing

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Workman ◽  
G. M. Beshouri
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines ◽  
Current Minimum ◽  
Feasibility Test

Current dual fuel engines utilizing standard mechanical (Bosch type) fuel injection systems set to 5–6 percent pilot delivery do not appear capable of reducing NOx emissions much below the current minimum of 4 g/bhp-h without incurring substantial penalties in efficiency and operability. A prototype Electronic Pilot Fuel Injector (EPFI) was designed that overcomes the shortcomings of the mechanical injection system, consistently delivering 3 percent or less pilot at pressures as high as 20,000 psi. The EPFI was installed and tested in one cylinder of a standard production dual fuel engine operating at a waste water treatment facility. A feasibility test confirmed that the engine would indeed operate satisfactorily at 2.9 percent pilot. Comparisons with baseline data revealed the EPFI yielded a 45 percent reduction in NOx emissions with a 3 percent or greater improvement in efficiency. Further optimization of the system, discussed in Part II, indicates that even greater reductions in NOx emissions can be obtained without incurring a penalty in fuel consumption.

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