Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Characteristics of Augmented Turbofan Engines

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Seto ◽  
T. F. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Operation

The exhaust plumes of modern military engines can be rendered visible at low augmentor power operation by the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Visible plumes have also been observed from some industrial gas turbines that have duct burners downstream of the power turbines. In 1986, gaseous emissions measurements were taken behind two F101 turbofan engines to determine the effect of reheat level on the degree of conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide and to relate the plume visibility to nitrogen dioxide concentration.

Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Characteristics of Augmented Turbofan Engines

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
S. P. Seto ◽  
T. F. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Operation

The exhaust plumes of modern military engines can be rendered visible at low augmentor power operation by the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Visible plumes have also been observed from some industrial gas turbines that have duct burners downstream of the power turbines. In 1986, gaseous emissions measurements were taken behind two F101 turbofan engines to determine the effect of reheat level on the degree of conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide and to relate the plume visibility to nitrogen dioxide concentration.

scholarly journals Research on GTE-110 gas turbine operating modes for limiting nitrogen oxide emissions of ccgt power units

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
I.K. Muravev ◽  
A.B. Korovkin ◽  
R.A. Shitov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Excess Air

Gas turbines are actively used as a part of combined-cycle power units having less impact on the environ-ment than installations operating on other types of fuel. However, their emissions contain harmful carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides. Some research studies considered the effect of emissions upon changes in the coefficient of excess air. At the same time, no attention was paid to the influence of other operational parameters and technological limitations associated with the safe operation of combined-cycle CCGT equipment, and no assessment was made of the impact of climatic factors on environmental indicators. Thus, it is important to conduct separate studies to assess the influence of regime and climatic factors on the stability of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, on the environmental performance of the installation and the compliance of these indicators with the standards. The research used data from the control system archive, and a simulation model was developed in the SimInTech environment. The following assumptions are made in the model: the fuel composition does not change and it enters the single combustion zone without separation into the pilot and central zones of the combustion chamber. The methodology for calculating emissions is reduced to dividing their volume into NO and NO2 due to the transformation of nitrogen oxides in the air. Subsequently, the values of the total concentration are recalculated to a single NOx value. A simulation model for calculating emissions has been obtained. The effect of excess air on nitrogen oxide emissions considering the technological zones of gas turbines of outdoor air temperature (To.a) from –20 to +30 оС and the power from 48 to 110 MW has been assessed. It has been shown that near the nominal load the maximum NOx emission are observed. In general, the results obtained indicate that the requirements for NOx emission standards are met in the entire operating range of gas turbine load changes. However, the reserve of a possible deviation of emissions to a critical level is only 10 %. The verification of the developed model is based on operational trends. The recommendations on operational management have been formulated for power unit operators in order to maintain an ac-ceptable level of NOx emissions.

Evaluation of Combustion and Emissions Using Biodiesel and Blends With Kerosene in a Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Mohamed Altaher ◽  
Gordon E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Biofuels offer reduced CO2 emissions for both industrial and aero gas turbines. Industrial applications are more practical due to low temperature waxing problems at altitude. Any use of biofuels in industrial gas turbines must also achieve low NOx and this paper investigates the use of biofuels in a low NOx radial swirler, as used in some industrial low NOx gas turbines. A waste cooking oil derived methyl ester biodiesel (WME) has been tested on a radial swirler industrial low NOx gas turbine combustor under atmospheric pressure and 600K. The pure WME and its blends with kerosene, B20 and B50 (WME:kerosene = 20:80 and 50:50 respectively), and pure kerosene were tested for gaseous emissions and lean extinction as a function of equivalence ratio. The co-firing with natural gas (NG) was tested for kerosene/biofuel blends B20 and B50. The central fuel injection was used for liquid fuels and wall injection was used for NG. The experiments were carried out at a reference Mach number of 0.017. The inlet air to the combustor was heated to 600K. The results show that B20 produced similar NOx at an equivalence ratio of ∼0.5 and a significant low NOx when the equivalence ratio was increased comparing with kerosene. B50 and B100 produced higher NOx compared to kerosene, which indicates deteriorated mixing due to the poor volatility of the biofuel component. The biodiesel lower hydrocarbon and CO emissions than kerosene in the lean combustion range. The lean extinction limit was lower for B50 and B100 than kerosene. It is demonstrated that B20 has the lowest overall emissions. The co-firing with NG using B20 and B50 significantly reduced NOx and CO emissions.

Kinetic Modeling Study on the Potential of Staged Combustion in Gas Turbines for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Biomass IGCC Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo Coda Zabetta ◽  
Pia Kilpinen ◽  
Mikko Hupa ◽  
Krister Ståhl ◽  
Jukka Leppälahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Staged Combustion ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Modeling Study

scholarly journals Kinetic Modeling Study on the Potential of Staged Combustion in Gas Turbines for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Biomass IGCC Plants.2000,14, 751−761

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo Coda Zabetta ◽  
Pia Kilpinen ◽  
Mikko Hupa ◽  
Krister Stȧhl ◽  
Jukka Leppälahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Staged Combustion ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Modeling Study

Rate coefficient for the reaction nitric oxide + nitrogen oxide (NO3) .fwdarw. 2 nitrogen dioxide between 223 and 400 K

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 4381-4386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S. Tyndall ◽  
J. J. Orlando ◽  
C. A. Cantrell ◽  
R. E. Shetter ◽  
J. G. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Rate Coefficient
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