scholarly journals Computerized Design, Simulation and Feasibility Study of the Heat Recovery System at Jeddah Oil Refinery Company

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam I. Faqeeh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Cogeneration is a very well known and important subject in the industries due to its impact in energy saving and reduction of air pollution. Jeddah Oil Refinery Company (JORC) generates its electric power demand using four industrial gas turbines for a total of 88 MW, while the process steam is produced by four Mitsubishi water tube boilers with a capacity of 50 tons per hour each. The steam condition is at 12 bars gage pressure and 188°C saturation temperature. A computer program “Cogen” has been developed to evaluate the design and off-design performance of the existing four gas turbines at JORC. Accordingly, a heat recovery combined cycle cogeneration system was proposed to utilize the exhaust energy leaving the turbines to fulfill the requirements of the refinery in both electric power and saturated steam. The output results of the computer program are presented in the form of figures. The fuel utilization efficiency of the combined plant has increased to 60% and resulted in approximately 55% reduction in fuel consumption and a payback period of 1.99 years in which the technical and economical feasibility of the proposed system is assured.

Design, Part Load and Transient Operation of Combined Cycle Plants With Water Flashing

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dechamps
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Combined Cycles

The last decade has seen remarkable improvement in gas turbine based power generation technologies, with the increasing use of natural gas-fuelled combined cycle units in various regions of the world. The struggle for efficiency has produced highly complex combined cycle schemes based on heat recovery steam generators with multiple pressure levels and possibly reheat. As ever, the evolution of these schemes is the result of a technico-economic balance between the improvement in performance and the increased costs resulting from a more complex system. This paper looks from the thermodynamic point of view at some simplified combined cycle schemes based on the concept of water flashing. In such systems, high pressure saturated water is taken off the high pressure drum and flashed into a tank. The vapour phase is expanded as low pressure saturated steam or returned to the heat recovery steam generator for superheating, whilst the liquid phase is recirculated through the economizer. With only one drum and three or four heat exchangers in the boiler as in single pressure level systems, the plant might have a performance similar to that of a more complex dual pressure level system. Various configurations with flash tanks are studied based on commercially available 150 MW-class E-technology gas turbines and compared with classical multiple pressure level combined cycles. Reheat units are covered, both with flash tanks and as genuine combined cycles for comparison purposes. The design implications for the heat recovery steam generator in terms of heat transfer surfaces are emphasized. Off-design considerations are also covered for the flash based schemes, as well as transient performances of these schemes, because the simplicity of the flash systems compared to normal combined cycles significantly affects the dynamic behaviour of the plant.

Modeling of a 27 MW Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant With Central Cooling Facility

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Nayak ◽  
Erol Ozkirbas ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Centrifugal Chillers ◽  
Chilled Water

This paper describes the modeling of a 27 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant with 10,000 tons chilled water central cooling facility. The cogeneration plant is designed to provide heating, cooling and electricity from a single fuel source viz., natural gas, though the gas turbines do have an inbuilt dual fuel combustion system. The topping cycle of the combined cycle cogeneration plant consists of two gas turbines each producing 11 MW of electric power at full load. The energy of the exhaust gases from these gas turbines is then utilized to generate steam in two heat recovery steam generators. The heat recovery steam generators are duct fired using natural gas to meet the peak steam load. In the bottoming part of the combined cycle, the steam from the heat recovery steam generators is expanded in a backpressure steam turbine to supply steam to the campus at about 963 kPa, generating an additional 5.5 MW of electric power in this process. There is no condenser wherein the campus acts as a sink for the steam. The central cooling facility is designed to supply 10,000 tons of chilled water out of which 3800 tons is supplied by two steam driven centrifugal chillers, which utilize a part of the steam supplied to the campus and the remaining by the centrifugal electric chillers. The combined cycle cogeneration plant along with the central chilled watercooling facility is modeled in a commercially available flexible cogeneration software package. The model is built based on the design data available from design manuals of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, backpressure steam turbine and centrifugal chillers. A parametric study is also done on the model to study the effect of different parameters like fuel flow rate, temperature etc on the output of the turbine and efficiency of the plant. Modeling of the inlet air-cooling of the gas turbine using an absorption chiller and electric chiller is also presented. Finally the paper discusses these results.

scholarly journals Two Case Studies of Cogeneration in India

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Shome ◽  
P. K. Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

The steam and electric power requirement for an industrial complex can be integrated in a cogeneration system achieving improved efficiency at comparatively lower plant costs. Various technical and economic parameters of a cogeneration plant in a petrochemical plant and a refinery in India are discussed. Both applications use industrial gas turbine and heat recovery boilers with supplementary firing using gaseous and/or liquid fuel. For the petrochemical complex, two 25 MW (ISO) industrial gas turbines and two 75 tonnes/hr. heat recovery boilers with provision for supplementary firing were selected to meet the 37 MW power demand and 150 tonnes/hr. (low pressure, saturated) steam demand. The plant is designed for natural gas fuel. The unit tested better than guaranteed. For the refinery application, two 25 MW (ISO) industrial gas turbines and two heat recovery boilers with supplementary firing were selected to meet a normal steam demand of 90 tonnes/hr. with a peak of 120 tonnes/hr. and a critical power demand of 15.6 MW with a normal demand of 22 MW. The fuel to be used is gas and/or distillate oil. The guaranteed plant efficiency was quoted as 79.25% (on L.H.V. basis). The plant is under construction and expected to go on line in early 1988.

Thermoeconomic Simulation of 27 MW Campus Cooling Heating Power (CHP) Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Nayak ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Centrifugal Chillers ◽  
Chilled Water

This paper describes the modeling of a 27 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant with 10,000 tons of cooling made available as chilled water at the central cooling facility that was designed and is currently operated to provide heating, cooling and electricity to the University of Maryland campus. The topping cycle of the combined cycle cogeneration plant consists of two gas turbines each producing 11 MW of electric power at full load. The energy of the exhaust gases from these gas turbines is then utilized to generate steam in two heat recovery steam generators. The heat recovery steam generators have supplemental duct firing using natural gas to meet the peak steam load. In the bottoming part of the combined cycle, the steam from the heat recovery steam generators is expanded in a backpressure steam turbine to supply steam to the campus at about 963 kPa, generating an additional 5.5 MW of electric power in this process. There is no condenser wherein the campus acts as a sink for the steam. The central cooling facility is designed to supply 10,000 tons of cooling as chilled water out of which 3800 tons is supplied by two steam driven centrifugal chillers, which utilize a part of the steam supplied to the campus and the remaining by the centrifugal electric chillers. The combined cycle cogeneration plant along with the central chilled water-cooling facility is modeled using a commercially available flexible cogeneration software package. The model is built based on the design data available from design manuals of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, backpressure steam turbine and centrifugal chillers. Two energy or cost savings opportunities were evaluated using the cogeneration software model. The first is adding inlet air-cooling using either an absorption or electric chiller to increase electrical power output during hot weather. This assessment included estimating kWh savings over a range of ambient temperatures. The second opportunity is using economizers to provide free cooling and reduce the usage of the electric and steam driven chillers. Detailed results of the thermal energy savings as well as the electrical and natural gas cost savings by employing these technologies are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Pressure gain combustion advantage in land-based electric power generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. K4MD26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfettin C. Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Plant Efficiency

AbstractThis article evaluates the improvement in gas turbine combined cycle power plant efficiency and output via pressure gain combustion (PGC). Ideal and real cycle calculations are provided for a rigorous assessment of PGC variants (e.g., detonation and deflagration) in a realistic power plant framework with advanced heavy-duty industrial gas turbines. It is shown that PGC is the single-most potent knob available to the designers for a quantum leap in combined cycle performance.

Combined Heat and Power: Gas Turbine Operational Flexibility

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiCampli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
National Fire Protection Association ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Gas Fuel

Combined heat and power (CHP) is an application that utilizes the exhaust heat generated from a gas turbine and converts it into a useful energy source for heating & cooling, or additional electric generation in combined cycle configurations. Compared to simple-cycle plants with no heat recovery, CHP plants emit fewer greenhouse gasses and other emissions, while generating significantly more useful energy per unit of fuel consumed. Clean plants are easier to permit, build and operate. Because of these advantages, projections show CHP capacity is expected to double and account for 24% of global electricity production by 2030. An aeroderivative power plant has distinct advantages to meet CHP needs. These include high thermal efficiency, low cost, easy installation, proven reliability, compact design for urban areas, simple operation and maintenance, fuel flexibility, and full power generation in a very short time period. There has been extensive discussion and analyses on modifying purge requirements on cycling units for faster dispatch. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has required an air purge of downstream systems prior to startup to preclude potentially flammable or explosive conditions. The auto ignition temperature of natural gas fuel is around 800°F. Experience has shown that if the exhaust duct contains sufficient concentrations of captured gas fuel, and is not purged, it can ignite immediately during light off causing extensive damage to downstream equipment. The NFPA Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code Committee have developed new procedures to safely provide for a fast-start capability. The change in the code was issued in the 2011 Edition of NFPA 85 and titled the Combustion Turbine Purge Credit. For a cycling plant and hot start conditions, implementation of purge credit can reduce normal start-to-load by 15–30 minutes. Part of the time saving is the reduction of the purge time itself, and the rest is faster ramp rates due to a higher initial temperature and pressure in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This paper details the technical analysis and implementation of the NFPA purge credit recommendations on GE Power and Water aeroderivative gas turbines. This includes the hardware changes, triple block and double vent valve system (or drain for liquid fuels), and software changes that include monitoring and alarms managed by the control system.

Optimization of an Advanced Combined Cycle and its Application to the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengo Aizawa ◽  
William Carberg
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Improved Performance

Combined cycle technology was successfully applied to the 2000 MW Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) Futtsu Station. The fourteen 165 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages were commissioned between 1985 and 1988. Since that time, experience has been accumulated on these 2000 deg F (1100 deg C) class gas turbine based Stages. With the advent of 2300 deg F (1300 deg C) class gas turbines and dry low NOx technologies, an advanced combined cycle with substantially improved performance became possible. TEPCO commissioned General Electric, Toshiba and Hitachi to perform a study to optimize the use of these technologies. The study was completed and the participants are now doing detailed design of a plant consisting of eight 350 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages. The plant will be designated the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups. This paper discusses experience gained at the Futtsu Station, the results of the optimization study for an advanced combined cycle and the progress of the design for Yokohama Groups No. 7 and No. 8.

Graph Theoretic Analysis of Advance Combined Cycle Power Plants Alternatives With Latest Gas Turbines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Dev ◽  
Gopal Krishan Goyal ◽  
Rajesh Attri ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Early Decision

In the present work, graph theory and matrix method is used to analyze some of the heat recovery possibilities with the newly available gas turbine engines. The schemes range from dual pressure heat recovery steam generation systems, to triple pressure systems with reheat in supercritical steam conditions. From the developed methodology, result comes out in the form of a number called as index. A real life operating Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) is a very large and complex system. Efficiency of its components and sub-systems are closely intertwined and insuperable without taking the effect of others. For the development of methodology, CCPP is divided into six sub-systems in such a way that no sub-system is independent. Digraph for the interdependencies of sub-system is organized and converted into matrix form for easy computer processing. The results obtained with present methodology are in line with the results available in literature. The methodology is developed with a view that power plant managers can take early decision for selection, improvements and comparison, amongst the various options available, without having in-depth knowledge of thermodynamics analysis.

HRSG Duct Firing Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Duct firing in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant is a commonly used method to increase output on hot summer days when gas turbine airflow and power output lapse significantly. The aim is to generate maximum possible power output when it is most needed (and, thus, more profitable) at the expense of power plant heat rate. In this paper, using fundamental thermodynamic arguments and detailed heat and mass balance simulations, it will be shown that, under certain boundary conditions, duct firing in the HRSG can be a facilitator of efficiency improvement as well. When combined with highly-efficient aeroderivative gas turbines with high cycle pressure ratios and concomitantly low exhaust temperatures, duct firing can be utilized for small but efficient combined cycle power plant designs as well as more efficient hot-day power augmentation. This opens the door to efficient and agile fossil fuel-fired power generation opportunities to support variable renewable generation.

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