Source Models for Noise Generated in Corrugated Pipes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. D. Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Sustained Oscillation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Delay Term ◽  
Source Models

Corrugated pipes are used in the oil and gas industry because they are flexible. Such pipes may generate large levels of noise when carrying a gas flow. The noise source is due to the cavities in the corrugations in which vortices form and interact with acoustic waves. The resulting flow-acoustic interaction may result in noise levels sufficient to cause structural vibration which may lead to pipework failure due to fatigue. The interaction between the vortex shedding and the acoustic wave is that of a self-sustained oscillation. The objective of the paper is to attempt to produce an analytical model of these oscillations starting from first principles. Although the model does require some experimental input much information is obtained concerning the details of the mechanism and factors controlling how it scales with the geometry, flow velocity and other relevant parameters. The model requires three constants to complete its formulation. These three constants describe the source strength at low acoustic amplitudes, the nonlinearity as the amplitude is increased and a delay term that relates the vortex shedding to the local acoustic velocity. It emerges that the nonlinear parameter is the most important for determining the maximum acoustic amplitude.

Photoacoustic Nanotracers for Subsurface Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Manuel Felix Servin ◽  
Hala A. Al-Sadeg ◽  
Amr Abdel-Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Gas Industry

Abstract Tracers are practical tools to gather information about the subsurface fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Typical interwell tracer tests involve injecting and producing tracers from multiple wells to evaluate important parameters such as connectivity, flow paths, fluid-fluid and fluid-rock interactions, and reservoir heterogeneity, among others. The upcoming of nanotechnology enables the development of novel nanoparticle-based tracers to overcome many of the challenges faced by conventional tracers. Among the advantages of nanoparticle-based tracers is the capability to functionalize their surface to yield stability and transportability through the subsurface. In addition, nanoparticles can be engineered to respond to a wide variety of stimuli, including light. The photoacoustic effect is the formation of sound waves following light absorption in a material sample. The medical community has successfully employed photoacoustic nanotracers as contrast agents for photoacoustic tomography imaging. We propose that properly engineered photoacoustic nanoparticles can be used as tracers in oil reservoirs. Our analysis begins by investigating the parameters controlling the conversion of light to acoustic waves, and strategies to optimize such parameters. Next, we analyze different kind of nanoparticles that we deem potential candidates for our subsurface operations. Then, we briefly discuss the excitation sources and make a comparison between continuous wave and pulsed sources. We finish by discussing the research gaps and challenges that must be addressed to incorporate these agents into our operations. At the time of this writing, no other study investigating the feasibility of using photoacoustic nanoparticles for tracer applications was found. Our work paves the way for a new class of passive tracers for oil reservoirs. Photoacoustic nanotracers are easy to detect and quantify and are therefore suitable for continuous in-line monitoring, contributing to the ongoing real-time data efforts in the oil and gas industry.

On the Modelling of Noise Generation in Corrugated Pipes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Eigenvalue Approach ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

The offshore oil and gas industry uses pipes which are made flexible by means of a corrugated construction. Those pipes that run from a platform to the seabed are known as risers while those that connect two pipes on the seabed are known as jumpers. Gas flowing within the pipe interacts with the corrugations and generates noise. This noise is of concern because it is of sufficient amplitude to cause pipework vibration with the threat of fatigue and pipe breakages. This paper examines the conditions that give rise to the large noise levels. The conditions for the onset of noise are investigated using an eigenvalue approach which involves the effect of damping due to losses from the pipe boundaries and pipe friction. The investigation which is conducted in terms of reflection conditions shows why only few of the very many possible natural frequencies are selected. The conditions for maximum noise response are also investigated using a non-linear model of vortex shedding. Here an approach is developed in which the net power generated along a single wavelength is calculated.

On the Modelling of Noise Generation in Corrugated Pipes

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Eigenvalue Approach ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

The offshore oil and gas industry uses corrugated pipes because of their flexibility. Gas flowing within these pipes interacts with the corrugations and generates noise. This noise is of concern because it is of sufficient amplitude to cause pipework vibration with the threat of fatigue and pipe breakages. This paper examines the conditions that give rise to the large noise levels. These conditions, for the occurrence of noise, are investigated using an eigenvalue approach, which involves the effect of damping due to losses from the pipe boundaries and pipe friction. The investigation is conducted in terms of reflection conditions and shows why only few of the very many possible natural frequencies are selected. The conditions for maximum noise response are also investigated by means of a nonlinear model of vortex shedding. Here, an approach is developed in which the net power generated by each wavelength is calculated.

scholarly journals Health Impact of Occupational Exposure to Noise – A Mixed Method Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Kennedy A. Osakwe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Globally, activities in the oil and gas industry are accomplished with the aid of machinery with the potentials to generate high noise levels above 85 dB(A). A visit to a typical crude oil production facility in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) revealed noise-producing machinery such as generators, compressors, pumps, fluid, and gas flow, to mention but a few. This study assessed the health risks of exposure to noise in an offshore crude oil installation in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Inlet pressure simulation of pigging in uphill gas pipeline

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang He ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Yishan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Common Operation

Pipe cleaning is a common operation in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, the governing equation of the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG, lowercase pig is commonly used) speed is combined with the gas flow equations. The method of characteristics (MOC) is used to solve the transient equations of gas flow. And the process of a pig passing over an uphill section of a gas pipeline is simulated. The results indicate that a pig may get stuck in uphill gas pipeline, due to the coupling of the gas and the pig. Under these circumstances, a higher pressure of the upstream could be helpful for driving the pig in motion. Additionally, the ratio of inlet pressure rise during the pigging process is primarily determined by the inclination of the uphill section. In addition, a formula to predict the inlet pressure during pigging in an uphill pipe is presented. Furthermore, the proposed method and solution can be utilized to predict the speed and position of the pig, as well as the gas pressure and the stoppage of the pig in hilly gas pipelines.

Tandem Riser VIV Suppression Fairing Model Test

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jinq Tyng Ng ◽  
Yih Jeng Teng ◽  
Allan Magee ◽  
Shankar Bhat Aramanadka ◽  
NorBahrain Ahmad Zukni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Viv Suppression

In deepwater development areas of Southeast Asia, the current is strong and relatively more persistent compared to other deepwater regions. Top tensioned risers (TTR) are critical submerged components of offshore platforms, constantly exposed to currents. These currents cause unsteady flow patterns around the risers i.e. vortex shedding. When the vortex shedding frequency is near the riser’s natural frequency, undesirable resonant vibration of the riser also known as Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) occurs. Several types of VIV suppression devices are used in the offshore industry. Among them, the U-shaped fairing claims to have the capabilities of reducing VIV effectively as well as lowering drag loads. This study investigates the effectiveness of a U-shaped fairing in suppressing riser VIV. The model test was successfully performed in a towing tank facility located at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia. This study is a significant collaboration between a local academic institution and the offshore oil and gas industry, aligned with the industry’s initiative of increasing local capabilities for research and development. In this study, the VIV of two risers in tandem is simulated using scaled test models. The current flow is simulated by towing the vertically submerged test models with a moving carriage. The riser with fairing models are attached to a pair of custom-designed test rigs which are able to measure the forces and also allow movement of the test model during towing tests. The two test rigs are attached to a steel structure under the carriage which accommodates different tandem riser configurations and spacings. Two different sizes of risers and fairings are tested to check for Reynolds number effects. For each tandem riser configuration, three different riser conditions are tested, i.e. (a) bare risers without fairings; (b) risers with weathervaning fairings, and (c) upstream riser with fairing stuck at different orientations and downstream riser with weathervaning fairing. The test results show significant reduction in drag and VIV for the risers with weathervaning fairings in different tandem configurations. Interesting motion characteristics are shown in some of the stuck fairing cases highlighting the adverse effects should the fairings fail to perform normally in the field. Effective mitigation of VIV in risers using fairing suppression devices could lead to improved riser fatigue life and overall a more economical platform design. These benefits are highly applicable to local deepwater developments for the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Speed Simulation of Pig Restarting from Stoppage in Gas Pipeline

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang He ◽  
Zheng Liang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Common Operation

Pigging is a common operation in the oil and gas industry. Because of the compressibility of the gas, starting up a pipeline inspection gauge (pig) from a stoppage can generate a very high speed of the pig, which is dangerous to the pipe and the pig itself. Understanding the maximum speed a pig achieves in the restarting process would contribute to pig design and safe pigging. This paper presents the modeling of a pig restarting from a stoppage in gas pipeline. In the model, the transient equations of gas flow are solved by method of characteristics (MOC). Runge-Kutta method is used for solving the pig speed equation. The process of a pig restarting from a stoppage in a horizontal gas pipe is simulated. The results indicate that the maximum speed a pig achieves from a stoppage is primarily determined by the pressure of the pipe and the pressure change caused by the obstructions. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) is used to study the maximum speed of pig. An empirical formula is present to predict the maximum speed of a pig restarting from a stoppage in gas pipeline.

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