Connection of Thermal and Emissions- Performance of GT-Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel W. von Rappard ◽  
Helmer Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fuel Flow

The new issue of the PTC22 performance test code explains the evaluation of power and heat rate, as well the determination of the exhaust gas mass flow and its composition. The verification of emission requirements is normally tested independently from the thermal performance test and the actual EPA methods refer normally to an extensive determination of the exhaust gas flow, by measuring the velocity profile in the stack or the exhaust gas system of the gas turbine. This paper explains an easier way of determining the exhaust gas volume- or mass flow that is used as reference for all emission data. Additionally it shows that the emission measurement can easily be used as a verification of the exhaust gas mass flow determined in the thermal performance test. The basis for both tests is, however, an accurate fuel flow measurement. Since this measurement is also used for the heat rate or thermal efficiency determination it can certainly be used for the verification of the emissions performance. An uncertainty analysis has been added as well. The authors try to explain the procedure in a way the performance engineers on site can understand.

An analytical and experimental investigation of the velocities of particles entrained by the gas flow in nozzles

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Neilson ◽  
Alastair Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Erosion Damage ◽  
Limiting Value

Among the parameters which determine the erosion damage sustained by the walls of a nozzle, in which a mixture of gas and particles is flowing is the speed attained by the particle before collision with the wall surface. This work is concerned with the determination of the particle velocity, and a number of relationships are given from which the variation in particle velocity can be obtained for a variety of gas conditions. The changes of state and velocity of the gas, occasioned by the interchange of heat and work between the gas and the particles are dependent on the ratio of the mass flow rate of particles to the mass flow rate of gas. It is shown that if this ratio is small the particle velocity may be obtained without serious error by assuming that the gas conditions are not affected by the presence of particles. Figures for the limiting value of this ratio for certain flows are given. The effects of particle size, density and initial relative velocity are investigated analytically and experimentally.

Consideration of Co-Variance in Power Plant Test Uncertainty Calculations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence B. Sullivan ◽  
Keith Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
American Society ◽  
Test Uncertainty

One of the most important aspects of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Performance Test Code (PTC) thermal performance testing is the proper determination of test uncertainty since the Uncertainty Analysis (UA) validates the quality of a test as well as demonstrates that the test meets code requirements. It can also carry a commercial relevance when test tolerances are linked to uncertainty figures. This paper introduces an approach to the calculation of the random component of uncertainty when covariance exists between certain primary measurements in thermal performance testing. It demonstrates how to identify parameters that are co-variant, provides a methodology for properly calculating the aggregated random uncertainty of co-variant measurements, and discusses the effect of co-variance on UA results.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling and the Effect on a Westinghouse 501D5 CT

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck Kohlenberger
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The temperature of the air entering a gas turbine prime mover has a dramatic effect on its performance, including output, heat rate, and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). These variations are easily observed in actual operation and by reference to generic gas turbine (GT) performance curves. The gross capacity increase of a GT operating at 40F (8C) inlet compared to operation at 102F (70C) is 28%. The gross reduction in heat rate for this 62F (16.7C) differential is 6%, and the exhaust gas temperature is reduced 5%. Since the overall mass flow through the GT is increased through the cooling process, the added energy available in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), is increased 8% The significant improvements in GT output and efficiency which can be achieved by maintaining lower inlet air temperatures encourage the manufacturer, systems engineer, owner, and operator of GT facilities to consider seriously the implementation of a gas turbine inlet air cooling (GTIAC) system. GTIAC systems have proven to produce some very excellent economic paybacks due to increased power output, EG mass flow, and reduced heat rates. Generic gross performance factors are plotted (See Figure 1) against inlet air temperature compared to International Standards Organization (ISO) conditions.

scholarly journals A model of gas flow with friction in a slotted seal

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Joachimiak ◽  
Piotr Krzyślak
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Total Enthalpy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Adiabatic Transformation

AbstractThe paper discusses thermodynamic phenomena accompanying the flow of gas in a slotted seal. The analysis of the gas flow has been described based on an irreversible adiabatic transformation. A model based on the equation of total enthalpy balance has been proposed. The iterative process of the model aims at obtaining such a gas temperature distribution that will fulfill the continuity equation. The model allows for dissipation of the kinetic energy into friction heat by making use of the Blasius equation to determine the friction coefficient. Within the works, experimental research has been performed of the gas flow in a slotted seal of slot height 2 mm. Based on the experimental data, the equation of local friction coefficient was modified with a correction parameter. This parameter was described with the function of pressure ratio to obtain a mass flow of the value from the experiment. The reason for taking up of this problem is the absence of high accuracy models for calculating the gas flow in slotted seals. The proposed model allows an accurate determination of the mass flow in a slotted seal based on the geometry and gas initial and final parameters.

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