Improved Controller Performance of Selected Hybrid SOFC-GT Plant Signals Based on Practical Control Schemes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tsai ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Craig Groves
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Actuator Saturation ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Control Schemes

This paper compares and demonstrates the efficacy of implementing two practical Single Input Single Output (SISO) multi-loop control schemes on the dynamic performance of selected signals of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid simulation facility. The hybrid plant, located at the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown WV, is capable of simulating the interaction between a 350kW SOFC and a 120kW GT using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) configuration. Previous studies have shown that the thermal management of coal based SOFC-GT hybrid systems is accomplished by the careful control of the cathode air stream within the fuel cell (FC). A decoupled centralized and dynamic de-centralized control scheme is tested for one critical airflow bypass loop to regulate cathode FC airflow and modulation of turbine electric load to maintain synchronous turbine speed during system transients. Improvements to the studied multivariate architectures include: feed-forward (FF) control for disturbance rejection, anti-windup (AW) compensation for actuator saturation, gain scheduling for adaptive operation, bumpless transfer (BT) for manual to auto switching, and adequate filter design for the inclusion of derivative action. Controller gain tuning is accomplished by Skogestad’s Internal Model Control (SIMC) tuning rules derived from empirical First Order Plus Delay Time (FOPDT) Transfer Function {TF} models of the hybrid facility. Avoidance of strong Input-Output (IO) coupling interactions is achieved via Relative Gain Array (RGA), Niederlinski Index (NI), and Decomposed Relative Interaction Analysis (DRIA), following recent methodologies in PID control theory for multivariable processes.

Improved Controller Performance of Selected Hybrid SOFC-GT Plant Signals Based on Practical Control Schemes

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tsai ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Craig Groves
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Control Schemes

This paper compares and demonstrates the efficacy of implementing two practical single input single output multiloop control schemes on the dynamic performance of selected signals of a solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid simulation facility. The hybrid plant located at the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, WV is capable of simulating the interaction between a 350 kW solid oxide fuel cell and a 120 kW gas turbine using a hardware in the loop configuration. Previous studies have shown that the thermal management of coal based SOFC-GT hybrid systems is accomplished by the careful control of the cathode air stream within the fuel cell (FC). Decoupled centralized and dynamic decentralized control schemes are tested for one critical airflow bypass loop to regulate cathode FC airflow and modulation of turbine electric load to maintain synchronous turbine speed during system transients. Improvements to the studied multivariate architectures include: feed-forward control for disturbance rejection, antiwindup compensation for actuator saturation, gain scheduling for adaptive operation, bumpless transfer for manual to auto switching, and adequate filter design for the inclusion of derivative action. Controller gain tuning is accomplished by Skogestad’s internal model control tuning rules derived from empirical first order plus delay time transfer function models of the hybrid facility. Avoidance of strong input-output coupling interactions is achieved via relative gain array, Niederlinski index, and decomposed relative interaction analysis, following recent methodologies in proportional integral derivative control theory for multivariable processes.

Improved IMC-filter design and IMC-PI equivalence: Application to quadrotor under gust of wind

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 1060-1072
Author(s):  
Yasser Bouzid ◽  
Houria Siguerdidjane ◽  
Elmehdi Zareb
Keyword(s):  
Internal Model ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Tuning Strategy ◽  
The Mathematical Model

As known, internal model control is equivalent to a PI or a PID controller provided that the mathematical model associated to the process to be controlled is of first or second order respectively. So, to go beyond these particular cases and to make an extension in bringing more theoretical results, the article proposes a method to reach the equivalence between an internal model control and a PI controller regardless of the model order. To this end, the key idea consists of using a specific filter that exhibits superior robustness level compared to the classical filter and further leads to get a structure of a PI controller whatever the order of the model is. The developed procedure constitutes the main contribution of this article. To meet given set of specifications, the controller parameters are tuned through a straightforward analytic way using the dynamics of the tracking error. The proposed tuning strategy constitutes another contribution of the article. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficiency level of this procedure, an application to control an autonomous vehicle is described and the simulation results are shown to be satisfactory confirmed by a series of experimental tests.

Multi-Coordination of Actuators in Advanced Power Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pezzini ◽  
Kenneth M. Bryden ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Larry Banta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
System Component ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Turbine Speed

Multi-coordination of actuators for a highly integrated, tightly coupled advanced power system was evaluated using the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project facility at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). A two-by-two scenario in a fuel cell, turbine hybrid power system was utilized as a representative problem in terms of system component coupling during transients and setpoint changes. In this system, the gas turbine electric load is used to control the turbine speed, and the cold air bypass valve regulated fuel cell cathode mass flow. Perturbations in the turbine speed caused by variations in the waste heat from the fuel cell affect the cathode airflow, and the cold-air bypass control action required for constant cathode airflow strongly affects the turbine speed. Previous implementation of two single-input, single-output (SISO) controllers failed to provide acceptable disturbance rejection and setpoint tracking under these highly coupled conditions. A multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) controller based on the classic internal model control (IMC) concept was implemented and experimentally tested for the first time using the Hyper project facility. The state-space design of the MIMO configuration, the control law integration into the digital control platform, and the experimental comparison with the SISO case are presented.

IMC-Based Calibration of the Boost Pressure Controller in an Electrically Assisted Turbocharged Gasoline Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitao Xiao ◽  
Tyler Kelly ◽  
Timothy Stolzenfeld ◽  
Chenliu Lu ◽  
Dave Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Feedback Controller ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Relay Feedback ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Electrically Assisted ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Different Types

Abstract In this work, a systematic approach is developed to calibrate a feedback controller for boost pressure control of an electrically assisted turbocharged gasoline engine. The information from the experiments indicates the system can be approximated by a Gain-Integrator-Delay (GID) model which can be robustly identified. Two controllers are designed for two different types of inner loop control (torque/speed) of the electrically assisted turbocharger. The underlying calibration methodology is based on Internal Model Control (IMC). The application of IMC leads to controllers that can be naturally mapped to a classic feedback controller. The plant model is obtained by characterizing the boost system with relay feedback experiments. The calibration methodology as well as the controller designs are demonstrated with a validated simulation platform and good performance is observed.

Improved Filter Design in Internal Model Control

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 3437-3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Horn ◽  
Jeffery R. Arulandu ◽  
Christopher J. Gombas ◽  
Jeremy G. VanAntwerp ◽  
Richard D. Braatz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Model ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Model Control

Realization of Non Linear Controllers in Batch Reactor using GA and SVM

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sujatha ◽  
N. Pappa
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Linear Control ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Generic Model Control ◽  
Almost All

This paper presents the application of machine learning schemes, namely SVM and GA, for realization of non linear control schemes and optimization of Batch reactor. Batch reactor is an essential unit operation in almost all batch- processing industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. In this approach, the temperature profile of the batch reactor is optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a view to maximize the desired product and minimize the waste product as a multi -objective function. Generic Model Control is implemented by using SVM Estimator, and it includes the non-linear model of a process to determine the control action. SVM estimator will predict the current value of the heat release makes the control performance to be more robust. The robustness performance of GMC has been experienced. Other non linear control schemes, such as Direct Inverse Control and Internal Model Control, are also implemented.

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