Nano Napier Steel Second Ring for SI Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sytsma ◽  
Erich Rabassa
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Manufacturing Location ◽  
Radial Thickness ◽  
Engine Testing

Piston top compression rings utilized in North American Spark Ignition (SI) passenger car and light truck engines have undergone a significant migration driven by desire to reduce axial height, mass, radial thickness, wear, incidence of risk of foundry defects and to enable utilization of a consistent, global material independent of manufacturing location. Second rings utilized in similar applications are now in the earlier stages of a similar migration. This paper will present product development of an innovative steel second ring including engine testing (blowby, and lube oil consumption via radiometric tracer method), supplemented by simulation modeling utilizing MIT code, including several more conventional ring cross sectional alternatives.

Cab Conceptual Design for the Equipment System Used for Passenger Car Ergonomic Design and Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Du ◽  
Jin Dong Ren ◽  
Yong Qing Liu ◽  
Zhong Xian Chen ◽  
Shi Hai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Equipment System

Ergonomics is an important validation content in vehicle product development. The traditional evaluation method of ergonomics adopts physical mockups or prototypes, which is very costly, and is inconvenient to modify, and usually cause prolonged development cycle-time. In this paper, in conjunction with enterprise’s requirements, an ergonomic validation equipment system, which has adjustable main parts, was developed. Firstly, requirements were analyzed, and target model cars ranges were determined, and ergonomic contents which can be validated using this equipment were clarified. The packaging characteristic of the passenger car was analyzed, and the reference fiducial marks system used for packaging design were determined. Based on the requirement of occupant accommodation, anthropometries of target population were statistically analyzed. By using revised SAE J1517 H-Point curves models, the drivers’ seating space was designed, as well as the requirement of the driver seat track travel. Based on the analysis of packaging data of passenger cars, and considering the possible changes, controls such as steering wheel, pedals, sticks, etc., were packaged.

New Approaches to Lube Oil Consumption Measurement Based on the Tracer Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Rossegger ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Albrecht Leis ◽  
Michael Engelmayer ◽  
Andreas Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
New Approaches

Comparative investigations of oil consumption and oil emissions on a spark ignition engine

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Appel ◽  
Marcus Gohl ◽  
Arnim Robota
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Oil Consumption

A Cross-Sectional Approach to New Product Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Bhamra ◽  
Jo Heeley ◽  
David Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Affections of Turbine Nozzle Cross-Sectional Area to the Marine Diesel Engine Working

Naše more ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Do Duc Luu ◽  
◽  
Nguyen Quang Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Marine Diesel

After a long period of use, some important technical parameters of the main marine diesel engines (MDE) gradually become worse, such as the turbine speed, intake pressure, exhaust temperature, engine power, and specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC). This paper studies the affections of the turbine nozzle cross-sectional area (AT) to MDE and presents a method of AT adjustment to improve the performances of MDE. A mathematical model of an engine was built based on the existent engine construction and the theory of the diesel engine working cycle and the simulation was programmed by Matlab/Simulink. This simulation model accuracy was evaluated through the comparison of simulation results and experimental data of the MDE. The accuracy testing results were acceptable (within 5%). The influences of AT on the engine working parameters and the finding optimization point were conducted by using the simulation program to study. The predicted optimization point of the nozzle was used to improve the engine’s performances on board. The integration of the simulation and experiment studies showed its effectiveness in the practical application of the marine diesel engine field.

scholarly journals Relationship between Unsafety Action and Unsafe Conditions with Traffic Accidents in Passenger Car Drivers at Meulaboh Type C Terminal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ishalyadi Ishalyadi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevi ◽  
Susy Sriwahyuni ◽  
Yolanda Oktaria
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Type C ◽  
Transportation Organization

Traffic accidents according to the World Health Organization are unexpected events that cause injury, damage, and also loss to the owner (victim) and can cause death or injuries both minor injuries and serious injuries. The number of passenger car accidents from Aceh Barat to Banda Aceh through the laneAceh Barat - Aceh Jaya crossing is high from 2018 with 62 cases (63.86%) and 2019 with 64 cases (65.92%) from January to January August. The high number of cases was influenced by driver fatigue, unsafety condition, unsafety action, Length of service and the feasibility of the driver's vehicle. This type of research is quantitative research using cross sectional. The sample method used is total sampling, that is, all populations used as research samples are 48 people.The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of fatigue, unsafety condition, unsafety action, years of service as well as the eligibility of vehicles with traffic accidents on the driver of passenger cars in Meulaboh type C terminal. The results showed that there was a relationship between unsafety condition and unsafety action with traffic accidents, which was P value <0.05. Hereby it is suggested to the transportation department, the traffic unit, the land transportation organization to cooperate with each other in providing information about factors relating to traffic accidents as well.

scholarly journals Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2511-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandjaja ◽  
Idrus Jus’at ◽  
Abas B Jahari ◽  
Ifrad ◽  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Poor Households

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DesignPre–post evaluation between two surveys.SettingTwenty-four villages in West Java.SubjectsPoor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baselinen324/endlinen349), their infants aged 6–11 months (n318/n335) and children aged 12–59 months (n469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5–9 years (n186) and women aged 15–29 years (n171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.ResultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2–19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6–11 months, children aged 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12–23 months;P=0·057 in children aged 24–59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5–18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6–6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6–59 months (P=0·003) and 5–9 years (P=0·03).ConclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.

Age estimation of pteropodid bats (Megachiroptera) from hard tissue parameters

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Cool ◽  
MB Bennet ◽  
K Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Radial Thickness

This investigation employed undecalcified thin (10 �m) and thick (100 �m) mid-root sections of surgically removed canine teeth, and thick sections of diaphyseal fore- and hind-limb bones from 14 fruit bats (Pteropus alecto and R poliocephalus) of known age, to attempt to establish a relationship between the chronological age of these animals and changes in the cross-sectional morphology of the hard tissues. Growth layers in bone, dentine and cementum were clearly visible in cross sections when viewed by Nomarski interference microscopy. The number of growth layers in the periosteal region of long bones and in dentine varied widely within a given section, making it impossible to estimate age from these tissues. Dental cementum most reliably reflected the age of fruit bats, with both growth layers and the radial thickness of cementum showing significant correlations with age (P<0.05). Linear regression was used to formulate equations for estimating age. The simplicity of this technique may provide investigators with a useful method for estimating the age of pteropodid fruit bats.

Experimental investigation of the effect of a B70 biodiesel blend on a common-rail passenger car diesel engine

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Tziourtzioumis ◽  
L Demetriades ◽  
O Zogou ◽  
A M Stamatelos
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Engine Testing

The results of engine bench tests of a 2.0l common-rail high-pressure injection passenger car diesel engine fuelled by B70 biodiesel blend are compared with the corresponding results of baseline tests with standard EN 590 diesel fuel. Engine performance and carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), and nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions were measured. Also, indicative particulate sampling was made with a simplified undiluted exhaust sampler. The aim of this study was to understand better how the engine's electronic control unit (ECU) responds to the different fuel qualities. A series of characteristic operation points for engine testing is selected to serve this purpose better. Data acquisition of the engine ECU variables was made through INCA software. Also, additional data acquisition based on external sensors was carried out by means of Labview software. The results enhance understanding of the engine ECU behaviour with the B70 biodiesel blend. Also, they are compared with what is known from the related literature for the behaviour of common-rail diesel engines with biodiesel blends.

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