High Efficient Detritiation Catalysts for Fusion Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanwen Wu ◽  
Wenhua Luo ◽  
Daqiao Meng ◽  
Jinchun Bao ◽  
Jingwen Ba
Keyword(s):  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Fusion Safety ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Poor Stability

Tritium is indispensable to the fusion reactor engineering, and it must be seriously defended because of its radioactivity and permeability. The method of catalytic oxidation and absorption is the most widely used process for tritium cleanup so far, in which detritiation catalyst is of great importance. The poor stability caused by the agglomeration of noble metal limits the life of detritiation catalysts. Here, Anti–Ostwald Ripening is used to prepare single-atom detritiation catalysts S-Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 for tritium (HT, DT and T2) oxidation. Single-atom dispersed Pt ensures the catalytic activity and decreased the economic cost. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) keeps Pt from aggregating, thus increases the working life of catalyst. And Pd based catalyst supported by a cation ordered κ-Ce2Zr2O8 is prepared for tritiated methane (CH4-xTx) oxidation. Tritiated methane is mostly oxidized by Pd/κ-Ce2Zr2O8 at about 450 °C, which is at least 50 °C lower than normal catalysts (such as Pd/Al2O3).

scholarly journals Electronic metal–support interaction modulates single-atom platinum catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Shi ◽  
Zhi-Rui Ma ◽  
Yi-Ying Xiao ◽  
Yun-Chao Yin ◽  
Wen-Mao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support

AbstractTuning metal–support interaction has been considered as an effective approach to modulate the electronic structure and catalytic activity of supported metal catalysts. At the atomic level, the understanding of the structure–activity relationship still remains obscure in heterogeneous catalysis, such as the conversion of water (alkaline) or hydronium ions (acid) to hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER). Here, we reveal that the fine control over the oxidation states of single-atom Pt catalysts through electronic metal–support interaction significantly modulates the catalytic activities in either acidic or alkaline HER. Combined with detailed spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations, the structure–activity relationship is established by correlating the acidic/alkaline HER activity with the average oxidation state of single-atom Pt and the Pt–H/Pt–OH interaction. This study sheds light on the atomic-level mechanistic understanding of acidic and alkaline HER, and further provides guidelines for the rational design of high-performance single-atom catalysts.

Ultrastable single-atom gold catalysts with strong covalent metal-support interaction (CMSI)

Nano Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2913-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botao Qiao ◽  
Jin-Xia Liang ◽  
Aiqin Wang ◽  
Cong-Qiao Xu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Catalysts ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support

Vapor-Phase Self-Assembly to Generate Single Atom Catalysts with Weak Metal-Support Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henyyu Li ◽  
Qiang Wan ◽  
Congcong Du ◽  
QiuNan Liu ◽  
Jiamin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support

scholarly journals Single-Atom Catalysts: A Review of Synthesis Strategies and Their Potential for Biofuel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Nurul Asikin-Mijan ◽  
Haslinda Mohd Sidek ◽  
Abdulkareem G. AlSultan ◽  
Nurul Ahtirah Azman ◽  
Nur Athirah Adzahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Single Atom Alloys

Biofuels have been derived from various feedstocks by using thermochemical or biochemical procedures. In order to synthesise liquid and gas biofuel efficiently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) and single-atom alloys (SAAs) have been used in the reaction to promote it. SACs are made up of single metal atoms that are anchored or confined to a suitable support to keep them stable, while SAAs are materials generated by bi- and multi-metallic complexes, where one of these metals is atomically distributed in such a material. The structure of SACs and SAAs influences their catalytic performance. The challenge to practically using SACs in biofuel production is to design SACs and SAAs that are stable and able to operate efficiently during reaction. Hence, the present study reviews the system and configuration of SACs and SAAs, stabilisation strategies such as mutual metal support interaction and geometric coordination, and the synthesis strategies. This paper aims to provide useful and informative knowledge about the current synthesis strategies of SACs and SAAs for future development in the field of biofuel production.

Immobilizing single atom catalytic sites onto highly reduced carbon hosts: Fe–N4/CNT as a durable oxygen reduction catalyst for Na–air batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 18891-18902
Author(s):  
Woo Yeong Noh ◽  
Eun Mi Kim ◽  
Kwang Young Kim ◽  
Jin Hyun Kim ◽  
Hu Young Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Catalyst

Immobilizing metal ions on a carbon support usually involves severe aggregation (sintering) and loose attachment of metal ions owing to a weak metal–support interaction.

Cooperativity in supported metal single atom catalysis

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5985-6004
Author(s):  
Philippe Serp
Keyword(s):  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Supported Metal

Cooperativity in single atom catalysis greatly exceeds the (important) metal–support interaction, and other types of synergies (with a nanoparticle – NP, a second SA – SA2, or a ligand/heteroatom – X) are described in this mini-review.

Electronic Metal–Support Interaction of Single‐Atom Catalysts and Applications in Electrocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (49) ◽  
pp. 2003300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarui Yang ◽  
Wenhao Li ◽  
Dingsheng Wang ◽  
Yadong Li
Keyword(s):  
Single Atom ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Metal Support

scholarly journals Transition metal on topological chiral semimetal PdGa with tailored hydrogen adsorption and reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Yang ◽  
Guowei Li ◽  
Yudi Zhang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jiancun Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Support Interaction ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Topological Surface

AbstractThe difficulties in designing high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts lie in the manipulation of adsorption behaviors of transition metals (TMs). Topological chiral semimetals with super-long Fermi arc surface states provide an ideal platform for engineering the catalytic performance of TMs through the metal-support interaction. We found the adsorption trends of TMs can be modified significantly when deposited at the surface of the PdGa chiral crystal. The electron transfer from the TMs to the surface states of the PdGa reshapes the d band structure of TMs and weakens the hydrogen intermediate bonding. Especially, W/PdGa is expected to be a good HER catalyst with close to zero Gibbs free energy. Experimentally, we found a Pt-like exchange current density and turnover frequency when depositing W atoms at the PdGa nanostructures surface. The findings provide a way to develop high-efficient electrocatalysts by the interplay between topological surface states and metal-support interaction.

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