40 Years of Combined Cycle Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Balling ◽  
Heinz Termuehlen ◽  
Ray Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Generators

Even though the first installations of combined cycle power plants with heat recovery steam generators (HRSG’s) are only about forty years old, the first attempt to build gas turbines for power generation was made more than 100 years ago. It took however about 40 years before gas turbines were installed to supply peaking power.

Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lugand ◽  
C. Parietti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Generators

The new 200 MW class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a three-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 percent. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 percent O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

scholarly journals Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lugand ◽  
C. Parietti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Generators

The new 200 MW-class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a 3-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 %. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 % O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

An Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Combined Cycle Power Plant Control

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
Plant Control

Combined cycle power plants operate at thermal efficiency approaching 60 percent. In the same time their performance presents several problems that have to be addressed. E.g. gas turbines are very sensitive to backpressure exerted on them by the heat recovery steam generators as well as to ambient pressure and temperature.

How Combined Cycle Configuration is Impacted by Current Power Market Requirements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Plant Configuration

In the past 20 years, the equipment manufacturers have made significant strives to develop better and more cost effective products: gas turbines, steam turbines, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), water treatment, fuel treatment equipment etc. Consequently, the Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) have become, due to many technological breakthroughs, the most efficient form of electrical power generation from fossil fuel, reaching or exceeding net efficiencies of 60%. We are also witnessing a substantial penetration of Renewable in the power generation mix. The Renewable intermittent nature of generation associated with new grid requirements for spinning reserves and/or frequency control must be considered when new CCPP are conceptually designed. The paper will examine several CCPP configurations, involving one, two, and three gas turbines. Substantial improvements in the efficiency are usually associated with an increased gas turbines electrical output. Various scenarios of plant configurations with targeted, sensible level of integration will be examined. The challenges of major equipment selection (gas turbines, heat recovery steam generator steam turbines, heat sink) for each of the configurations will be examined from an EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) Contractor perspective, based on the lessons learned from the development and execution of more than 30 advanced CCPPs. A special emphasis will be given to the strategy of providing the CCPP with fast start-up, capability, rapid load changes, without negatively impacting part-load efficiencies and emissions. The effect of plant configuration on plant reliability, maintenance requirements and recommended spare parts will also be discussed. Finally the paper describes the lessons learned, in plant configuration selection that can be successfully employed on future projects through judicious equipment selection at the development phase, design optimization and proper project management at the execution phase.

Part-Load Operation of Combined Cycle Plants With and Without Supplementary Firing

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dechamps ◽  
N. Pirard ◽  
Ph. Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes ◽  
Steam Plant

The design point performance of combined cycle power plants has been steadily increasing, because of improvements both in the gas turbine technology and in the heat recovery technology, with multiple pressure heat recovery steam generators. The concern remains, however, that combined cycle power plants, like all installations based on gas turbines, have a rapid performance degradation when the load is reduced. In particular, it is well known that the efficiency degradation of a combined cycle is more rapid than that of a classical steam plant. This paper describes a methodology that can be used to evaluate the part-load performances of combined cycle units. Some examples are presented and discussed, covering multiple pressure arrangements, incorporating supplemental firing and possibly reheat. Some emphasis is put on the additional flexibility offered by the use of supplemental firing, in conjunction with schemes comprising more than one gas turbine per steam turbine. The influence of the gas turbine controls, like the use of variable inlet guide vanes in the compressor control, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generators for Combined Cycles Natural or Forced Circulation Considerations

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akber Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

In recent years the combined cycle has become a very attractive power plant arrangement because of its high cycle efficiency, short order-to-on-line time and flexibility in the sizing when compared to conventional steam power plants. However, optimization of the cycle and selection of combined cycle equipment has become more complex because the three major components, Gas Turbine, Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Turbine, are often designed and built by different manufacturers. Heat Recovery Steam Generators are classified into two major categories — 1) Natural Circulation and 2) Forced Circulation. Both circulation designs have certain advantages, disadvantages and limitations. This paper analyzes various factors including; availability, start-up, gas turbine exhaust conditions, reliability, space requirements, etc., which are affected by the type of circulation and which in turn affect the design, price and performance of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. Modern trends around the world are discussed and conclusions are drawn as to the best type of circulation for a Heat Recovery Steam Generator for combined cycle application.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

Graph Theoretic Analysis of Advance Combined Cycle Power Plants Alternatives With Latest Gas Turbines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Dev ◽  
Gopal Krishan Goyal ◽  
Rajesh Attri ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Early Decision

In the present work, graph theory and matrix method is used to analyze some of the heat recovery possibilities with the newly available gas turbine engines. The schemes range from dual pressure heat recovery steam generation systems, to triple pressure systems with reheat in supercritical steam conditions. From the developed methodology, result comes out in the form of a number called as index. A real life operating Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) is a very large and complex system. Efficiency of its components and sub-systems are closely intertwined and insuperable without taking the effect of others. For the development of methodology, CCPP is divided into six sub-systems in such a way that no sub-system is independent. Digraph for the interdependencies of sub-system is organized and converted into matrix form for easy computer processing. The results obtained with present methodology are in line with the results available in literature. The methodology is developed with a view that power plant managers can take early decision for selection, improvements and comparison, amongst the various options available, without having in-depth knowledge of thermodynamics analysis.

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