Study of Hybrid System for Optimization of Energy Source in Ut Island, Maluku

Eastern side of Indonesia has a group of scattered Islands and have a great distance from the main Island. Fossil fuels are the main option for meeting the needs of electrical energy in the outer Islands. But the availability of fossil fuels is very dependent on the weather and modes of transportation. In addition, fossil energy also causes emissions and environmental pollution, so efforts to diversify alternative energy by utilizing renewable energy are needed to meet energy needs. Ut Island, Maluku is one of the Islands which is not yet powered by utilities. In this paper, the HOMER software is used to determine the optimal hybrid power plant configuration from a techno-economic perspective by utilizing energy resources available on the Island. From the simulations that have been carried out wind speed has a significant influence on the optimal configuration of the PLH system. Load value affects the amount of NPC and COE. The greater the load is fulfilled, the higher the NPC. But contrary to NPC, COE value will decrease.

Semantic function module pipeline generation

With modular automation, modular industrial plants use a functional engineering approach, and modules enable plug & produce plant engineering. However, plant configuration is still a largely manual process and often not optimized with respect to the available information. In this contribution, we propose a system and algorithm to support the automation engineer in the process of joining together modules into process pipelines and in their optimization. Our solution is built upon an abstract semantic data model that facilitates the automated matching of pre- and post-condition of modules and of the things that are processed by these modules. The pipeline generation engine is further extended by means of an optimization and ranking algorithm, and thus enables automated inter-module pipeline generation and plant optimization. We evaluate our system by means of a simple fictional use case scenario and prove feasibility, applicability as well as the huge potential for time and cost savings.

Model Development and Transient Analysis of the HCPB BB BOP DEMO Configuration Using the Apros System Code

Extensive modeling and analytical work has been carried out considering the Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed Breeding Blanket (HCPB BB) Balance Of Plant (BOP) configuration of the Demonstration Power Plant (DEMO) using the Apros system code, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. and Fortum. The integral plant model of the HCPB BB plant has been improved with respect to the blanket and steam generator models. Based on HCPB-BL2017 v1 data, reported in 2019, the blanket has been remodeled by separate Apros process components, dedicated to average inboard and outboard segments, where the power deposition scheme of the breeding units took into account the output of high-fidelity neutronic analyses. A new helical coil steam generator model has been developed for primary–secondary system coupling using CAD data provided by EUROfusion partner University of Palermo. Transient analyses have been performed with Apros on the plant configuration that utilizes a molten salt technology-based small Energy Storage System (ESS).

Phase-Controlled Thyristor Sub-Synchronous Damper Converter for a Liquefied Natural Gas Plant

In electrified liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants variable frequency drives (VFDs) interact with turbine-generator (TG) units creating torsional vibrations known as sub-synchronous torsional interactions (SSTIs). Torsional vibrations can be dangerous for an LNG plant when they involve torsional instability. The stability of an LNG plant depends on the plant configuration and on the number of TG units and of VFDs. In such peculiar configurations stability cannot be achieved acting of the VFDs control system. Alternatively, dedicated equipment is needed to damp the torsional vibrations. In this paper, a sub-synchronous damper (SSD) converter is used to mitigate the SSTI phenomena. The SSD converter consists of a thyristor H-bridge regulating the phase of the additional torque provided at the TG unit air-gap. A phase control system is proposed and is based on the torsional torque oscillations measurement. An adaptive reference signal is employed, also guaranteeing high performance in island-mode operation. The proposed solution increases the damping of the LNG plant in all the considered configurations. The LNG plant successful operation is validated by comprehensive results.

Comparison of Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3, KCl-MgCl2 and NaNO3-KNO3 as heat transfer fluid for different sCO2 and steam power cycles in CSP tower plant under different DNI conditions

This work presents the characteristics of a solar thermal tower power plant in two different places (Seville and Dubai) using three different HTFs (NaNO3-KNO3, KCl-MgCl2 and Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3) and three different power cycles (Rankine, sCO2 Recompression and sCO2 Partial cooling cycles). An indirect configuration is considered for the Gemasolar power plant. Detailed modelling is carried out for the conversion of incident power on the heliostat to the output electricity. Optimization of the cycle is carried out to determine the most promising cycle configuration for efficiency. The results showed that for the Gemasolar power plant configuration, the performance of the KCl-MgCl2 based plant was poorest amongst all. NaNO3-KNO3 based plant has shown good performance with the Rankine cycle but plant having Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 as HTF was best for all three cycles. Partial cooling was the best performing cycle at both locations with all three HTFs. Placing the Seville Plant in Dubai has improved the efficiency from 23.56% to 24.33%, a capacity factor improvement of 21 and 52 GW additional power is generated. The optimization of the plant in Dubai has shown further improvements. The efficiency is improved, the Capacity factor is increased by 31.2 and 77.8 GW of additional electricity is produced.

Biomass cogeneration plants integrated into poultry slaughterhouses for reducing industry costs with energy

A technical and economic feasibility analysis was performed concerning biomass cogeneration to supply the thermal and electricity demands of poultry slaughterhouses. The analysis considers measured data referring to the annual energy consumption from an existing industry as well as the characteristics of equipment available in the Brazilian market. The cogeneration plant is equipped with a water tube steam generator and a condensing-extraction steam turbine in a Rankine cycle. Four different configurations were evaluated, including impulse and reaction turbines at two steam pressure/temperature levels (43 bar / 450 °C and 68 bar / 520 °C). A steady state full load operation is considered at cogeneration mode on the weekdays and at Rankine power plant mode on the weekends, when there is no process steam consumption. The technical analysis pointed out the reaction turbine at 68 bar / 520 ºC as the best alternative, leading to the highest overall efficiency. In addition, this plant configuration showed economic advantages represented by an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21%, a Net Present Value (NPV) of US$ 10.93 million, and a payback time of 6 years, enabling a reduction on the industrial cost with energy in the slaughterhouse to 19 US$/ton of product (-30% in comparison to the base case). Finally, the calculated LCOE of 73 US$/MWh was lower than the current price of the electricity in the market, indicating potential economic feasibility of the proposed concept.

Application of Bioelectrochemical Technique in Energy Recovery and CH4 Control From Constructed Wetland (CW) and Associated Biochemical Mechanisms

In the context of global warming, the bioelectrochemical method (microbial fuel cell MFC) was proposed for CH4 control from CWs. The main focus is to further explore the effect of plant roots location at the electrode, plant species on CH4 emissions, bioelectricity generation and the mechanism underlying competition between electrogenesis and methanogenesis at the anode. The results showed that the operation of MFC effectively reduced the CH4 emissions and promoted COD removal rates. CH4 emission was significantly higher in open circuit (6.2 mg m-2 h-1) than in closed circuit reactors (3.1 mg m-2 h-1). Plant roots at the cathode had the highest electricity generation and the lowest CH4 emissions. The highest power generation (0.49 V, 0.33 w m-3) and the lowest CH4 emissions (2.3 mg m-2 h-1) were observed in the reactors where Typha Orientalis was planted with plant roots at the cathode. The role of plants in strengthening electron acceptor was greater than that of plant rhizodeposits in strengthening electron donors. q-PCR and correlation analysis indicated that the mcrA genes and CH4 emissions were positively correlated (r=0.98, p<0.01), while no significant relationship between CH4 emissions and pmoA genes was observed. More nanowires, which are conductive to electron transfer, were found when plant roots were in cathode by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Illumina sequencing revealed that more abundant exoelectrogens and denitrifying bacteria (Geobacter, Desulfobulbu, Nitrospira and Anaerolinea) were observed when plant roots located in cathodes. Strictly acetotrophic archae (Methanosaetaceae) were likely main electron donor competitors with exoelectrogens. In addition, plant species played a more important role in CH4 emissions and electricity generation than the plant roots location at the electrode. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen plant configuration to reduce CH4 emissions, so as to promote sustainable development of wastewater treatment.