A Clinical Evaluation of Vibration Testing in the Assessment of Osteoporosis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Kasra ◽  
Marc D. Grynpas ◽  
Rajka Soric ◽  
Sara Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Bone Structures

Abstract Bone fracture is one of the most common medical problems which reduces the quality of life of individuals. In the United States, osteoporosis alone causes 1.3 million bone fractures a year, with an annual cost of $5.2 billion dollars. Osteoporosis is a disease in which low bone mass and changes in bone quality and architecture increase the risk of fractures. Women are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis than men. Osteoporosis targets both trabecular and cortical bone (Kanis et al., 1994; Kasra and Grynpas, 1994). Therefore, bone density of cortical bone structures such as ulna and mid-radius may be used as a predictor of osteoporotic fractures (Cummings et al., 1993). Bone quality assessment and predicting the risk of bone fracture is very important in prevention of fracture and proper bone treatment. In the NIH Consensus Development Statement (1984), the need for improved measurement techniques is emphasized.

A review on experimental and numerical investigations of cortical bone fracture

2022 ◽  
pp. 095441192110703
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Fracture Parameters

This paper comprehensively reviews the various experimental and numerical techniques, which were considered to determine the fracture characteristics of the cortical bone. This study also provides some recommendations along with the critical review, which would be beneficial for future research of fracture analysis of cortical bone. Cortical bone fractures due to sports activities, climbing, running, and engagement in transport or industrial accidents. Individuals having different diseases are also at high risk of cortical bone fracture. It has been observed that osteon orientation influences cortical bone fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms. Apart from this, recent studies indicate that fracture parameters of cortical bone also depend on many factors such as age, sex, temperature, osteoporosis, orientation, location, loading condition, strain rate, and storage facility, etc. The cortical bone regains its fracture toughness due to various toughening mechanisms. Owing to these factors, several experimental, clinical, and numerical investigations have been carried out to determine the fracture parameters of the cortical bone. Cortical bone is the dense outer surface of the bone and contributes to 80%–82% of the skeleton mass. Cortical bone experiences load far exceeding body weight due to muscle contraction and the dynamics of motion. It is very important to know the fracture pattern, direction of fracture, location of the fracture, and toughening mechanism of cortical bone. A basic understanding of the different factors that affect the fracture parameters and fracture mechanisms of the cortical bone is necessary to prevent the failure and fracture of cortical bone. This review has summarized the advancement considered in the various experimental techniques and numerical methods to get complete information about the fracture mechanisms of cortical bone.

Changes of bone quality of cortical bone formed under alendronate treatment were detected by microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis

Bone ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
M. Kashii ◽  
J. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
Y. Umakoshi ◽  
H. Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alendronate Treatment

scholarly journals An approach to compare the quality of cancellous bone from the femoral necks of healthy and osteoporotic patients through compression testing and microcomputed tomography imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ciarallo ◽  
Jake Barralet ◽  
Michael Tanzer ◽  
Richard Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Effective Prevention

It is estimated that osteoporosis is responsible for about 300 000 hip fractures per year in the United States. Effective prevention of these fractures has been demonstrated using bisphosphonates. However, their mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Furthermore, the precise effect of bisphosphonates on the femoral neck and surrounding areas has never been studied. We are interested in establishing a protocol to analyze the bone quality of proximal femurs from patients treated with bisphosphonates. Following hip replacement surgery, the aim is to determine whether imaging and compression testing of cancellous bone from the discarded femoral necks can accurately assess the bone’s microarchitectural and biomechanical properties, respectively. To validate the technique, it was first tested on an untreated population. A bone biopsy trephine was used to extract cylindrical cores of trabecular bone from the centre of femoral necks. Densitometry, microcomputed tomography, and compression testing were used to assess the quality of bone in these samples. The compressive strength was found to be directly proportional to the modulus (i.e. stiffness) of the samples, thus reproducing previous findings. The relative porosity and, to a lesser extent, the bone mineral density were capable of predicting the quality of cancellous bone. In conclusion, a protocol to analyze the bone quality in human femoral necks using μCT and biomechanical compression testing was successfully established. It will be applied in a clinical setting to analyze bones from bisphosphonate-treated patients following total hip replacement.

Progressive Energy Dissipations of Human Cortical Bone in Compression

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Leng ◽  
Xuanliang Dong ◽  
Xiaodu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Loading Modes

Bone fracture has imposed a significant burden on the health of society. The “bone quality” is used to refer to factors affecting bone fracture risk [1]. Energy dissipation till fracture, known as toughness, is a major measure of bone quality [2]. However, underlying mechanisms of energy dissipation in bone is still not clear. It has been well documented that the post-yield behavior of bone determines the major part of the toughness of bone [3, 4]. Therefore, it is important to study post-yield behaviors of human bone, especially the different pathways for energy dissipation, in order to better understand how age-related change affects bone quality. Bone behaves differently under different loading modes [5]. Different from loading in tension, after reaching the maximum stress, cortical bone in compression can continue to bear load till large deformation without brittle failure and dramatic reduction in elastic modulus [5, 6]. However, few studies of progression of post-yield behaviors of cortical bone in compression were reported in the literature.

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