Design Process Error-Proofing: Lessons From and Challenges for NASA

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Chao ◽  
Irem Tumer ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Error Proofing

This report describes the state of design observed at NASA and collaborative research between NASA and Stanford University into improving design practices. Just as there are many types of missions and projects, there are many types of design practices and reviews at NASA. Through exploration of the NASA life-cycle across the organization and deeper case studies of specific missions, the goal of this work is to identify best practices and lessons learned from NASA’s review experience, benchmark against industry techniques, and develop methodologies to improve the process. By introducing design process error-proofing methods based on FMEA and QFD into the NASA framework, more robust corrective actions and solutions can better detect and prevent design errors. This paper demonstrates the methods through retroactive exploration and implementation on the Mars Climate Orbiter.

Design Process Error-Proofing: Engineering Peer Review Lessons From NASA

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Chao ◽  
Irem Tumer ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Support Teams ◽  
Peer Reviews ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Error Proofing

This report describes the state of design reviews observed at NASA and research into improving review practices. There are many types of reviews at NASA. Formal, programmatic project reviews such as the Preliminary Design Review and Critical Design Review are a required part of every project and mission development. However, the informal and technical engineering peer reviews that support teams’ work on such projects are informal, ad hoc, and inconsistent across the organization. The goal of this work is to identify best practices and lessons learned from NASA’s review experience, benchmark against industry techniques, and develop methodologies to improve the process. Thus far, the research has determined that the organization, composition, scope, and execution, including the use of information technology and structured design methodologies, of reviews all impact the technical, engineering peer reviews to help NASA work towards error-proofing the design process.

Design Process Error-Proofing: Strategies for Reducing Quality Loss in Product Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Chao ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Error Proofing

Design errors are a major source of quality loss in industry today. “Design Process Error-Proofing” seeks to prevent errors during product development by adapting quality management techniques. Poka-yoke solutions used in manufacturing and operation aim to prevent mistakes from occurring or detect them immediately after they are committed. The goal of design process error-proofing is to extend this strategy and develop innovative structured methods and tools that understand, predict, and prevent design errors. Because the research topic is fairly new, case studies are used to both explain and demonstrate the usefulness of solutions. Through a series of design initiatives at leading global organizations, important lessons were identified in the treatment of design errors. This paper discusses these error-proofing strategies and results.

Maritime Spatial Planning Concepts and Approaches

2015 ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Papatheochari ◽  
Vassiliki Vassilopoulou ◽  
Athina Kokkali ◽  
Fabio Grati ◽  
Harry Coccossis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Eu

Often human activities taking place at limited available marine space may lead to important spatial and temporal conflicts and synergies. Through Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) a series maritime issues have been addressed focusing on such interactions. This chapter makes a presentation of the development of Maritime Spatial Planning concepts and approaches on a global basis, highlighting best practices as well as gaps that need to be addressed. Lessons learned from two Mediterranean case studies of the EU FP7 research projects MESMA and COEXIST focusing particularly on fisheries, as one of the main human activities in the two marine areas, interacting with other uses and with conservation initiatives, is also discussed.

Maritime Spatial Planning Concepts and Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-360
Author(s):  
Theodora Papatheochari ◽  
Vassiliki Vassilopoulou ◽  
Athina Kokkali ◽  
Fabio Grati ◽  
Harry Coccossis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Eu

Often human activities taking place at limited available marine space may lead to important spatial and temporal conflicts and synergies. Through Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) a series maritime issues have been addressed focusing on such interactions. This chapter makes a presentation of the development of Maritime Spatial Planning concepts and approaches on a global basis, highlighting best practices as well as gaps that need to be addressed. Lessons learned from two Mediterranean case studies of the EU FP7 research projects MESMA and COEXIST focusing particularly on fisheries, as one of the main human activities in the two marine areas, interacting with other uses and with conservation initiatives, is also discussed.

Design Process Error-Proofing: Project Quality Function Deployment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Chao ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Quality Function ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Product Definition ◽  
Error Proofing

This paper presents an advanced application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for product development projects. Design process error-proofing not only seeks to prevent catastrophic failures but also addresses product definition problems that compromise product features, time-to-market, or cost. Project QFD helps identify the organization requirements and flow them down to the activities, tools, and other solution elements for the project. This approach aids both product definition and resource allocation to clarify and strategically align project goals. The paper explains the method, illustrates it with an example, and discusses its effectiveness through a survey in industry and practical design projects at Stanford. The paper concludes with the proposed work to further disseminate this method.

An End or a New Beginning?

Small Arms ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Mia Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement

By integrating key lessons learned from the case studies, this chapter presents the basis for intervention – that is, primarily aimed at preventing the next generation of terrorists by seeking to pre-empt or influence efforts aimed at engaging children in terrorism. We present the ‘psychosocial’ model, encompassing multiple layers of influence across the three stages of involvement, engagement and disengagement. The chapter take a best practices approach drawing on what worked in DDR programs in Africa and Latin America to suggest the best ways to handle ISIS child returnees.

A Golden Ratio for Shaping the Curve – Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Schreinemachers ◽  
Wiebe Strick
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Curved Bridges ◽  
The Way

<p>Can we establish the guidelines that make our designs into a success? Is there something like the Golden Ratio for shaping the curve? The Golden Ratio is a common mathematical ratio found in nature, which can be used to create pleasing, organic-looking compositions. This is used for the overall shape and proportions in bridge design. In our practice and in modern-day bridge design we see more and more curved bridges.</p><p>Especially with the rise of parametric design a whole world opened up for (more) complex curved designs. Curviness (either vertical, horizontal or both) is not just a nice aesthetic feature. We encounter design principles that need to be taken into account to get to the ultimate elegancy that we thrive for in our bridge design.</p><p>In our practice, shaping the curve of a bridge is a recurrent topic in the design process – from concept to realisation. From the forming of the (3D) <i>alignment, </i>it’s about how curves fluidly connect. It’s all about the radius, diameter, arcs, splines, offsets and the way to connect with tangents and sinusoids. This is best shown by the Lucky Knot and the Zaligebrug by NEXT architects. We also experienced the difficulties during construction phase and learned to control dealing with the unexpected.</p><p>With a series of case studies from our own bridges we show the importance of precision in shaping curves to make a design that is both natural and understandable to the eye of the user. If done right, curves seem logic and right; but if done improperly, it ends up as a disaster.</p>

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