Personalisation and choice in psychiatric spaces Nachricht eingeben

In Europe psychiatric wards tend to be highly institutionalised settings, often lacking essential psychosocially-supportive elements which promote health, wellbeing and social interaction of patients and staff. This happens in the name of increased safety and anti-ligature standards or as a result of neglect and stigma often resulting from reduced opportunities of patients to actively participate in the decision making of their lives, the conditions of hospitalisation and the quality of their environments. Research on healthcare environments shows a profound impact of the built environment on therapeutic outcomes. While many recommendations derived from these studies, such as views to nature or single bedrooms, are difficult to implement in existing facilities, everyday objects potentially pose a powerful yet easily implementable resource for increasing therapeutic effects of the built environment. In this presentation we are going to briefly describe the hierarchies of psychiatric care affordances, as they derive from the SCP model –S stands for Safety and security, C for competence and P for personalisation and choice– that is a model especially developed for interpreting and evaluating psychiatric environments in relation to these principles. Then we are going to explore further the idea of personalisation and choice, its relationship with the psychosocial model of psychiatric rehabilitation and bring some implemented, practical examples of how this has been implemented in psychiatric settings across Europe and beyond. The aspects of co-design will be highlighted, as a key element of achieving personalisation and valorisation. This will help the audience come, who can be either from healthcare, policy or management backgrounds on the same page with members of the audience who come from a built environment background with concepts of institutionalisation vs ecopsychosocial concepts in relation to the built environment of the psychiatric wards.

The development of quality of life psychosocial model in cancer patients after lower limb amputation

The general trend of humanization in medicine in recent decades, along with the biopsychosocial approach to health and illness, has put on the agenda the problem of patients’ quality of life, which resulted in numerous researches. The relevancy of this issue and the need of its investigation is substantiated in the present article on the ground of the analysis of modern literature and the work experience in the oncoorthopedic clinic; the results of the first stage of quality of life study and number of factors determining it in patients with bone and soft tissues tumors in lower extremities who underwent amputation are presented. Such a study should be comprehensive and should include an analysis of the objective functional capabilities and clinical indicators of patients, the subjective assessment of the main aspects of quality of life after amputation, as well as the psychological, social, demographic characteristics of patients. This implies the development of a theoretical model including the components of analysis in their integrated unity and interaction, as well as mathematical and empirical verification of the model. The development of quality of life psychosocial model can help to create scientifically based programs of individualized psychological assistance and social rehabilitation of cancer patients undergoing amputation of lower limb. The authors –doctors and clinical psychologists of the N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center and the St. Petersburg State University– put forward a research program in order to develop such a model, as well as present the first results of its implementation.

Erratum: The role of the bio-psychosocial model in public health

In the article titled “The role of the bio-psychosocial model in public health” published on pages 252-254, Issue 6, Volume 5 of The Journal of Medical Research, [1] the authors’ affiliation & address were written incorrectly and it should be consider as1. Shiraz Syed- Senior Resident Surgeon, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Uttarakhand, Dehradun248140, India 2. Sumbul Syed- Post graduate student, Department of Psychology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201313, India 3. Kshitij Bhardwaj- Intern, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand- 248001, India

Towards comprehensive mental health care: experiences and challenges of psychosocial care in Brazil

Background Recommendations are in place for mental health (MH) care to be developed into a comprehensive, people-centred perspective and organised primarily through community services. In recent decades, Brazil has promoted psychiatric reform aimed at transforming the hospital-centred model into a psychosocial model of MH. However, current political and economic changes threaten this reform. This article analyses the comprehensive MH care offered by a Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial – RAPS) in Brazil. Methods The study involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 33 stakeholders (policymakers, health professionals, and MH service users) and direct observation of MH services members of the RAPS. Data were analysed using framework analysis with the following dimensions: mental health services access, long-term mental health care, comprehensive mental health care, and crisis patient care. Results Results indicated progression towards comprehensive MH care provision. We identified MH care provided primarily by community services, featuring an ‘open door’ policy, development of localised actions and a search for autonomy. Deinstitutionalisation principles and the psychosocial model support a comprehensive view of MH by policy makers, MH professionals, and users. However, difficulties in providing comprehensive care remain, with the main challenges being insufficient services offered and difficulties in user access at all levels of care, fragile integration between services, lack of clear definitions of the responsibilities of each service, discontinuity of care, limitations in family support, and fragility in crisis patient care. Conclusion We highlight the need to increase funding and services of RAPS, qualification of staff professional, family support, and development of strategies for integrating services. Support and expansion of MH care depend on strengthening the Brazilian health system, which is in danger of being dismantled.

DESIGN BASED ON ICF - The training courses for in-service teachers

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) allowed to adopt that new of 'functioning', which refers to bodily structures and functions, activity and participation and interaction between these and personal and environmental factors.The model is increasingly becoming the reference for the planning/organization of inclusive interventions, in Europe and in the Italian schools: it has been one of the main topics (l. 107/2015) in the last three-year Italian teacher training plan. The work presents procedures the early results of three professionaltraining courses evaluation (2017-2019). The courses involved 73in-service teachers and aimed to enhance the design skills of Individualized Education Plan (IEP) on ICF model. According to the Kirkpatrick Model,the evaluation has been conducted on the teachers’ ‘learnings’ and ‘transfer’ detected through pre-post test and a document analysis of the IEP. The study highlighted few linguistic and semantic difficulties and a better teachers’ sensitivity to the environmental component of the functioning. It offers some useful hints for the construction of a possible trans-national platform (as sharing of practices, data-base)about the training of school teachers on ICF bio-psychosocial model, as well as arguments regarding the tools for verifying the effectiveness of teachers training interventions.

Use of Mental Health Interventions by Physiotherapists to Treat Individuals with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Scoping Review

Purpose: Physiotherapists work with people with chronic conditions and can act as catalysts for behavioural change. Physiotherapy has also seen a shift to a bio-psychosocial model of health management and interdisciplinary care, which is important in the context of chronic conditions. This scoping review addressed the research question “How do physiotherapists use mental health–based interventions in their treatment of individuals with chronic conditions?” Method: The Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched, and a variety of study designs were included. Data were categorized and descriptively analyzed. Results: Data were extracted from 103 articles. Low back pain (43; 41.7%) and non-specified pain (16; 15.5%) were the most commonly researched chronic conditions, but other chronic conditions were also represented. Outpatient facilities were the most common setting for intervention (68; 66.0%). A total of 73 (70.9%) of the articles involved cognitive­–behavioural therapy, and 41 (40.0%) included graded exercise or graded activity as a mental health intervention. Conclusions: Physiotherapists can use a variety of mental health interventions in the treatment of chronic conditions. More detailed descriptions of treatment and training protocols would be helpful for incorporating these techniques into clinical practice.

Challenges faced in homoeopathic treatment in autism – A case series

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most puzzling and complex of the neurodevelopmental disorders, especially regarding its diagnosis and management. The objective of this study was to achieve an in-depth understanding of the various challenges faced by a homoeopath and how homoeopathy is to be used conjointly with other ancillary measures in managing ASD. The case series highlights these and presents an integrated understanding of various concepts required by a homoeopath in effectively managing children with ASD. Materials and Methods: Detailed histories of the two cases were taken from the caregivers. Both patients were also observed in their day-to-day functioning, at school and during therapies. This further contributed to the early detection and diagnosis, planning appropriate management strategies, assessing the action of the selected remedy and deriving inferences. Homoeopathic treatment was used along with the required ancillary measures. Results: The challenges in managing the cases were mainly with respect to formulating a diagnosis, understanding the importance of disease evolution, differentiating between the common and the characteristic symptoms of the disease, application of homoeopathic principles and arriving at a similimum. On reflection, it showed the value of using the bio-psychosocial model to highlight the relationships among the different forces, determine the evolution in individual cases and emphasise the need for holistic intervention. The importance of a sound knowledge of the principles of homoeopathy and their correct application to arrive at a similimum was also learnt through reviewing the results of intervention. Further, the results showed that homoeopathy along with ancillary measures helped to bring about a significant change in functioning on all fronts and a better adaptation of the children to their environments. Conclusion: Homoeopathic intervention in children with autism holds a promise. Integration with ancillary measures enhances the outcome. Homoeopaths would need to train themselves in applying the bio-psychosocial model and integrating it with homoeopathic principles to ensure a favourable outcome. The findings of this study can provide important leads for professionals involved in the care of children with ASD and the affected families.

A Conceptual Framework for Machine Self-Presentation and Trust

Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine behavior based on what has been experimented with and documented in the literature to date. We argue that self-presentation theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction, provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge in this domain and guide future research and development. We leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy (Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined human-machine interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies from the taxonomy. We analyzed frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes. Drawing from models of human trust we discuss how to apply the taxonomy to affect perceived machine trustworthiness.

The Role of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Variables in Early Childhood Development: A Secondary Data Analysis of the 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in the Dominican Republic

IntroductionThe association between sociodemographic factors, such as poverty, lack of maternal schooling, and being male at birth, and childhood developmental delay and poor educational outcomes has been established in the Dominican Republic. However, moderating factors present or introduced in families to buffer the effects of such factors on childhood development are still unknown.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey for the Dominican Republic, a national household survey focused on maternal and child health and development. The first aim of our study was to determine if a sociodemographic model predicted early childhood development. The second aim was to determine if a psychosocial model (including family childrearing practices, discipline, and early childhood stimulation) predicted early childhood development above and beyond the sociodemographic model.ResultsWe found that both models predicted childhood development significantly, but that the psychosocial model explained 5% more variance than the sociodemographic model. The most relevant sociodemographic predictors were socioeconomic position and mother’s education, which uniquely explained 21% and 17% of the early childhood development variance, respectively. The most salient psychosocial predictors of early childhood development were: 1) attendance to an early childhood education program, which uniquely explained 15.0% of the variance; 2) negative discipline, which uniquely explained 12.4% (negative impact); 3) the number of children’s books at home, which uniquely explained 12.0%; and 4) stimulating activities at home, which uniquely explained 5%.ConclusionThese results have multiple implications for social programs that aim to improve children’s developmental potential in contexts of poverty. Although the results show a protective effect of psychosocial factors, sustainable and large-scale intervention should not be limited to just buffering effects, but to actually solve the underlying problem which is that poverty prevents children from reaching their developmental potential.