Occupant Protection via Frontal Crash Testing Analysis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar K. Thorbole ◽  
Stephen A. Batzer
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Rigid Barrier ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Test Requirements ◽  
Impact Angles

During frontal collisions, two central characteristics that define a vehicle’s crashworthiness are the occupant compartment deceleration magnitude and the level of occupant compartment intrusion. The deceleration severity determines seat belt loading for restrained occupants and the severity of secondary impacts of occupants against interior structures. Occupant compartment intrusion diminishes the survival space and increases the probability of individual occupants receiving worst injuries. Proper evaluation of a vehicle’s crashworthiness requires full scale crash testing as per standards defined by FMVSS 208, and this physical testing could be supplemented by virtual testing. The 208 standard specifies performance requirements for the vehicle in order to reduce the number and severity of the occupant injuries. FMVSS 208 crash testing involves rigid barrier impact tests at 30 mph, and the vehicle must be certified for all impact angles from −30 to +30 degrees. Allowance is made for the manufacturer to substitute engineering judgement for actual testing at each angle. The agreement of the vehicle to the test requirements ensures a reasonable degree of occupant safety. This study investigates virtual frontal testing to replicate severe crashes resulting in occupant compartment intrusion. The study is conducted using a validated FEA model of a 1998 Chevrolet S-10 standard cab pickup truck. It details simulation results from a variety of impact angles and velocities in order to determine the best potential test procedure for a frontal crash scenario. The results of this computational analysis demonstrate the offset frontal MDB (vehicle-to-vehicle) impact test procedure to be rigorous and capable of evaluating both the aspect of crashworthy performance of the vehicle. This test procedure resulted significant cabin intrusion along with cabin deceleration severity comparable to frontal rigid barrier 30 mph full width test.

Finite Element Simulation of a Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail System

SIMULATION ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Atahan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Test Requirements

Computer simulation of vehicle collisions has improved significantly over the past decade. With advances in computer technology, nonlinear finite element codes, and material models, full-scale simulation of such complex dynamic interactions is becoming ever more possible. In this study, an explicit three-dimensional nonlinear finite element code, LS-DYNA, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of computer simulations to supplement full-scale crash testing. After a failed crash test on a strong-post guardrail system, LS-DYNA is used to simulate the system, determine the potential problems with the design, and develop an improved system that has the potential to satisfy current crash test requirements. After accurately simulating the response behavior of the full-scale crash test, a second simulation study is performed on the system with improved details. Simulation results indicate that the system performs much better compared to the original design.

Design and Full-Scale Testing of M50/P1 Bolt-Down Removeable Bollard System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (41) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
William F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Test Installation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Base Plates ◽  
Full Scale Testing

The purpose of this project was to design and test a new bolt-down bollard system that meets the requirements of American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) Designation F2656-15 M50/P1 impact conditions. The test installation consisted of three vertical 10-in. diameter (nominal) bollards with welded base plates bolted to a shallow reinforced concrete foundation. The foundation for this system was sized to reduce the foundation embedment. Shallow foundations are often necessary for use in cities and urban areas where utilities can conflict with deeper foundations. Standard common members and materials were used in the installation to accommodate fabrication and installation in locations all over the world. The bollards can be removed to provide access if necessary. Full-scale testing was performed on the bolt-down bollard system. The bollard system design for this project successfully met the requirements of M50/P1 with a total payload penetration of less than 1 m. The new bollard design successfully met all the performance requirements for ASTM F2656-15 M50/P1. Details of the design and testing of the bolt-down bollard system are provided in this paper. Crash-testing videos and additional information on the design and full-scale testing will be provided in the presentation.

Analysis of Car Deformation Effect on AIS3+ Head Injury in Frontal Crash Using Logistic Regression Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Shu Cai Xu ◽  
Xing Hua Lai ◽  
Chun Sheng Ma ◽  
Jin Huan Zhang ◽  
Jing Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Frontal Crashes

The influence of vehicle deformation on the risks of head injury for the drivers involved in frontal crashes is studied using real world crash data. There are three types of vehicle damage distribution considered in this paper, namely, wide distribution, moderate offset, and small offset. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the head injuries are estimated by logistic regression, controlling for a wide variety of confounders. Results show that occupants' head injuries are highly related to damage distribution. Small offset crash has greatest threat to head injury. Seat belt is effective in all the crash types of concern. This study provides evidences to upgrade existing frontal crash test program and clue to countermeasure development for occupant protection in different crash modes.

Frontal crash seat belt restraint effectiveness and comfort accessories used by older occupants

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Whyte ◽  
Nicholas Kent ◽  
Lisa Keay ◽  
Kristy Coxon ◽  
Julie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Frontal Crash

Investigation of Heavy Truck Restraint System Effectiveness Through Finite Element Computer Simulations in Frontal Crashes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Schulz ◽  
Chiara Silvestri Dobrovolny ◽  
Abhinav Mohanakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Rigid Barrier ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Ring Location ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Frontal Crashes ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

Computer finite element simulations play an important role in reducing the cost and time taken for prediction of a crash scenario. While interior crash protection has received adequate attention for automobiles, very little is known for commercial vehicle such as heavy trucks. The understanding of injury types for heavy trucks occupants in relation to different crash scenarios would help mitigation of the injury severity. Finite element computer models of the heavy truck cabin structure, interior cabin components, anthropomorphic test device (ATD) (also called dummy) and passive restraint systems were developed and assembled to simulate head-on crash of a heavy truck into a rigid barrier. The researchers developed a computer simulation parametric evaluation with respect to specific seat belt restraint system parameters for a speed impact of 56.3 km/h (35 mph). Restraint parameter variations within this research study are seat belt load limiting characteristics, inclusion of seat belt pretensioner, and variation of seat belt D-ring location. Additionally an airbag was included to investigate another restraint system. For each simulated impact characteristic and restraint system variation, the occupant kinematics were observed and occupant risks were assessed. Within the approximations and assumptions included in this study, the results presented in this paper should be considered as preliminary guidance on the effectiveness of the use of seat belt as occupant injury mitigation system.

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