Experimental Assessment of Emitted Dose From Valved Holding Chamber Devices

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo F. Oliveira ◽  
Manuel V. Silva ◽  
Ana V. Machado ◽  
Manuel Oliveira ◽  
Helena Maria Cabral-Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Salbutamol Sulfate ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Deposition Fraction ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Emitted Dose ◽  
Filter Housing

Due to the increasing worldwide incidence of asthma, a growing usage of inhalation devices has been observed. Some of the pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers (pMDI) limitations have been overcome by the introduction of newly and improved Valved Holding Chambers (VHC), resulting in good patient acceptance. The efficiency is assessed by the VHC Emitted Dose (ED), i.e. the amount of drug available to the patient. Using the pMDI salbutamol sulfate formulation (Ventolin® HFA-134a) as the test drug, several VHC devices were assessed. These latest were grouped by material characteristics: dissipative (OptiChamber Diamond®, AeroChamber Plus®, Vortex®, A2A Spacer®), non-dissipative (SpaceChamber Plus®, Compact SpaceChamber Plus®, Volumatic®) and stainless steel (Nebuchamber®). The pMDI + VHC were assembled to a filter housing, which comprises an induction port with similar USP Throat dimensions, and connected to a vacuum pump (calibrated at 15, 26 and 40 L/min). Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry equipment at 244 nm, it was possible to determine its concentration for later mass calculation. For all the VHC devices tested, the total mass recovery percentage was between 85% and 120%. At 26 L/min, the Vortex® VHC has shown the highest ED (47.3 ± 1.8 %). The ED may not be dependent on the volume of the VHC. Although, further analysis of the results suggests the existence of a linear correlation between the ED and the VHC body length. SpaceChamber Plus® results show an increase of the ED and, subsequently, a decrease in VHC deposition fraction, with the increase of airflow.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of CFC free inhalers for beclomethasone dipropionate

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Murthy Talasila ◽  
Bala Vishnu Priya Mukkala ◽  
Satyanarayana Vattikuri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Beclomethasone Dipropionate ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalers ◽  
Fine Particle Fraction ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Emitted Dose

Beclomethasone dipropionate CFC free inhalation formulations were developed with a view to treat asthma prophylactically. Dry powder inhalers (DPI) for beclomethasone dipropionate were prepared with different grades of lactose monohydrate. The influence of carrier and overages on performance of DPI was studied. Metered dose inhalers (MDI) with HFA based propellants were formulated with various doses, overages and different concentrations of alcohol. Formulated DPI and MDI were evaluated for various official and unofficial quality control tests. The influence of over doses on valve delivery, effect of overages on emitted dose and influence of alcohol on spray pattern from MDI were studied. The better fine particle fraction and emitted dose were obtained from the DPI formulated with 10:90 ratio of fine lactose: coarse lactose and with 20% w/w overages. The studies on MDI revealed that the 15% of overdoses are required for effective valve delivery and 20% overages are required for 100% drug delivery. 5-10%v/v alcohol was found to be preferable to get optimum emitted dose and fine particle fraction.

scholarly journals Consequences of not-shaking and shake-fire delays on the emitted dose of some commercial solution and suspension pressurized metered dose inhalers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1039
Author(s):  
Veronica Chierici ◽  
Luca Cavalieri ◽  
Alessio Piraino ◽  
Davide Paleari ◽  
Eride Quarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Emitted Dose ◽  
Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers

scholarly journals Validation of scores of use of inhalation devices: valoration of errors

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Zambelli-Simões ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
Juliana Carneiro da Cunha Possari ◽  
Greice Borges Carvalho ◽  
Ana Carla Carvalho Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Criterion Validation ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Subject

AbstractObjective: To validate two scores quantifying the ability of patients to use metered dose inhalers (MDIs) or dry powder inhalers (DPIs); to identify the most common errors made during their use; and to identify the patients in need of an educational program for the use of these devices.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases: validation of the reliability of the inhaler technique scores; validation of the contents of the two scores using a convenience sample; and testing for criterion validation and discriminant validation of these instruments in patients who met the inclusion criteria.Results: The convenience sample comprised 16 patients. Interobserver disagreement was found in 19% and 25% of the DPI and MDI scores, respectively. After expert analysis on the subject, the scores were modified and were applied in 72 patients. The most relevant difficulty encountered during the use of both types of devices was the maintenance of total lung capacity after a deep inhalation. The degree of correlation of the scores by observer was 0.97 (p < 0.0001). There was good interobserver agreement in the classification of patients as able/not able to use a DPI (50%/50% and 52%/58%; p < 0.01) and an MDI (49%/51% and 54%/46%; p < 0.05).Conclusions: The validated scores allow the identification and correction of inhaler technique errors during consultations and, as a result, improvement in the management of inhalation devices.

Intranasal and intrapulmonary opioids

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Andrew Davies
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Breakthrough Cancer Pain ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Transdermal Route

The intranasal and intrapulmonary routes are simple, do not necessarily require any specialized equipment, and can be used by both patients and their non-professional caregivers. Intranasal administration may be associated with rapid onset of analgesia. A number of fentanyl-based formulations are commercially available to manage breakthrough cancer pain. Intranasal opioids can be delivered by traditional spray bottles, and also by syringes fitted with atomisers. The intrapulmonary route has the potential for rapid onset of analgesia. and can be delivered by traditional nebulizers, and other inhalation devices (e.g. metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers). The transdermal route has less potential for rapid onset of analgesia. However, new patch technology (iontophoretic technology) may alter the current position.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint impact of the choice of inhalers for asthma and COPD

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Janson ◽  
Richard Henderson ◽  
Magnus Löfdahl ◽  
Martin Hedberg ◽  
Raj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Lower Carbon

In the 1990s, metered dose inhalers (MDIs) containing chlorofluorocarbons were replaced with dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) and MDIs containing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). While HFCs are not ozone depleting, they are potent greenhouse gases. Annual carbon footprint (CO2e), per patient were 17 kg for Relvar-Ellipta/Ventolin-Accuhaler; and 439 kg for Seretide-Evohaler/Ventolin-Evohaler. In 2017, 70% of all inhalers sold in England were MDI, versus 13% in Sweden. Applying the Swedish DPI and MDI distribution to England would result in an annual reduction of 550 kt CO2e. The lower carbon footprint of DPIs should be considered alongside other factors when choosing inhalation devices.

scholarly journals Comparison between traditional and nontraditional add-on devices used with pressurised metered-dose inhalers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00073-2020
Author(s):  
Mina Nicola ◽  
Youssef M.A. Soliman ◽  
Raghda Hussein ◽  
Haitham Saeed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Water Bottle ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Aerosol Delivery ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Emitted Dose ◽  
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

Add-on devices that are attached to metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) were introduced to improve aerosol delivery. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of drug delivery from an MDI when attached to different add-on devices at different inhalation volumes.The total emitted dose (TED) of salbutamol was estimated for the MDI alone and the MDI connected to five different add-on devices (Able valved holding chamber, Tips-haler valved holding chamber, Aerochamber plus flow Vu valved holding chamber, Dolphin chamber, and a handmade water bottle spacer), at inhalation flow of 28.3 L·min−1 with flow volume of 1, 2 and 4 L, assuming young child (aged <6 years), old child (>6 years) and adult inhalation volumes, respectively.The TED% ranged between 84.1% and 87.2% at all inhalation volumes from the MDI alone, which was significantly greater than all MDI add-on device combinations (p<0.05). The TED% delivered to MDI sampling apparatus by a homemade water bottle spacer and Dolphin chamber, as non-antistatic add-on devices, ranged between 30.5% and 35.3%. However, washing these non-antistatic add-on devices with a light detergent before use improved their TED to range between 47.6% and 51.2%. Non-antistatic add-on devices had significantly lower TED (p<0.05) than that delivered by most antistatic add-on devices, which ranged from 51.3% to 71.6%.This study suggests that antistatic add-on devices delivered much more aerosol than non-antistatic add-on devices. However, it may be advised to still use a non-antistatic add-on device, for the sake of solving the coordination problem, and wash it with light detergent before use to improve TED.

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