Evaluation of Recovery Rate in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Steroidal Drugs

Introduction: Coronavirus belongs to the family coronaviridae that majorly affects the respiratory system this group of virus outbreak previously as SARS and MERS in various countries and recently as COVID-19. COVID-19 has symptoms like fever, dry cough, breathing problems, loss of smell and taste, body aches. COVID-19 has spread to 210 countries and infected 272.51 million people worldwide, reached over 5.34 million deaths. Treatment includes antivirals, antibiotics, Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, corticosteroids. Methodology: It is a hospital-based retro-prospective study was conducted for 6 months in the Inpatient department. 100 patients were taken who met the inclusion criteria. Data collected and evaluated, analyzed by open label study. Results and Discussion: severe COVID-19 can develop systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to lung injury and multisystem organ dysfunction. It has been proposed that the potent anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids might prevent or mitigate these deleterious effects. Both beneficial and deleterious clinical outcomes have been reported with the use of corticosteroids in patients with other pulmonary infections From study, The Recovery% using steroids in the time period of 0-10 and 11-20 days was found to be 34 and 27% respectively. The Recovery percentage using steroids in the time period of 0-10 and 11-20 days was found to be 18 and 8% respectively. Dexamethasone was most commonly used in males and females, 77.08 and 84% respectively. Conclusion: Considering beneficial effects of corticosteroids in COVID -19, prescribing steroids is safe by dose tapering continued up to 10days or hospital discharge

Genetic Dissection of Yield Determinants in Advance Breeding Lines (ABLs) of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Irrigated Condition of Chhattisgarh, India

The present study was undertaken to study the extent of genetic variability, character association and path analysis in 53 irrigated late duration breeding lines for 12 quantitative and 10 quality parameters. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among the breeding lines for all the characters except for total tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, spikelet fertility percentage and grain yield per plant. The highest magnitude of PCV and GCV were displayed by grain yield per plant followed by harvest index, filled spikelet per panicle and 1000 seed weight. The greater extent of heritability in broad sense were recorded for days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, 1000 seed weight, plant height, total spikelet per panicle, kernel length, kernel L:B ratio, grain length, head rice recovery percentage, amylose content, hulling and milling percentage. However, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were displayed by plant height, number of spikelet per panicle, filled spikelet per panicle,1000 seed weight, kernel length, kernel L:B ratio, grain length, head rice recovery percentage and amylose content. Grain yield per plant exhibited positive significant correlation with harvest index, effective tillers per plant, 1000 seed weight, spikelet fertility %, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. Path analysis revealed direct effect on grain yield were exerted by days to 50% flowering followed by harvest index, 1000 seed weight, total tillers per plant, number of spikelet per plant, effective tillers per plant and plant height indicating their importance in rice breeding programs.

DEVELOPMENT OF HPLC STABILITY DEMONSTRATING METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFYING AZELNIDIPINE AND TELMISARTAN IN TABLETS AND BULK TYPES: VALIDATION FOLLOWING ICH DIRECTIVES

Objective: Azelnidipine (AZEL) and Telmisartan (TELM) combination is referred to the sufferers of hypertension. No analytical process has yet been mentioned for the TELM and AZEL combination analysis. We, therefore, have designed for its first time stability demonstrating methodology based on HPLC for analysing TELM and AZEL in the tablets and bulk. Methods: The assay of TELM and AZEL was get done on a 250 mm length C18 column (Supelco, 4.6 mm inner diameter, 5.0 μm particle size), and utilized 0.1M Na2SO4 (pH 3.6) and acetonitrile (55% volume: 45% volume) as the mobile solvents phase, at a stream rate 1.0 ml/min. HPLC recognition of TELM and AZEL was taken by a photodiode array sensor set at 258 nm. For validation of the stability demonstrating methodology proposed in terms of sensitivity, precision, specificity, linearity, device adequacy, robustness and accuracy, ICH directives were followed. Results: Calibration curves of TELM and AZEL were generated in the array of 20-60 µg/ml and 4-12 µg/ml with recovery percentage ranges of 99.62%-101.05% and 97.76%-100.17%, and detection limits of 0.020 µg/ml and 0.009 µg/ml, respectively. TELM and AZEL stability was inspected in the existence of acid, base, light, heat, and oxidation and it was realised to be more stable under oxidation degradation testing conditions employed when compared to acid, alkaline, photo, and heat degradation testing conditions applied. Conclusion: The observations demonstrated that the described HPLC stability demonstrating methodology was suitable for quantitating TELM and AZEL combination in tablets and bulk.

Validation of a method employing liquid chromatography to identify and quantify glycomacropeptide of casein in raw milk

BACKGROUND: The information on official testing methods, or regulatory methods in Colombia to test whey in milk is limited; this restriction of information goes against the possibility of mitigating the risk of food fraud. OBJECTIVES: The validation of an HPLC method to determine casein glycomacropeptide (c-GMP), a protein that countries such as Brazil, Spain, and Ecuador have used as an indicator of raw milk adulteration with whey, was carried out. METHODS: A 10mL sample of raw milk is precipitated with 24% TCA using ultrasound, a process followed by filtration. The collected fraction ensured the separation of c-GMP and then injected into the liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A 30 minutes analysis allowed the determination of c-GMP with a retention time of 12.9 ± 0.5 minutes. The performance characteristics method in the validation exercise were: recovery percentage 99.97%, linearity R2> 0.95; % RSD accuracy <5.3%. CONCLUSION, the method exhibits desirable attributes for the intended purpose.

H-point Standard Addition Method for the Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of captopril and hydro-chlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations by the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) is described. Absorbance at 211.5 and 230.3 nm was monitored upon the addition of standard solutions of captopril. The results showed that in prepared mixtures, captopril and hydrochlorothiazide can be determined simultaneously at concentration ratios varying from 1.0:0.8 to 2.5:1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Percentage recovery was found to be 95.33–104.37% for captopril and 96.8–105% for hydrochlorothiazide, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.46%. The method was successfully used to evaluate the antihypertensive captopril drug in a binary combination of hydrochlorothiazide in real samples with high precision and accuracy within the recovery percentage.

Integrated nutrient management on quality and yield of strawberry fruits (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa under shade net conditions

Studies on the influence of Integrated Nutrient Management were undertaken during Rabi season, 2018-19 at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh with an objective of examining their influence on quality and yield of Strawberry fruits (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.) cv. Camarosa grown under shade net conditions. The experiment was consisting of 9 treatments replicated thrice comprising of different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures like FYM, vermicompost and biofertilizers like Arka microbial consortium in randomized block design. Observations were recorded for fruit yield and quality parameters. Among different combinations 75 % RDN + 25% N through Vermicompost + Arka Microbial Consortium registered highest number of fruits plant-1 (24.00), fruit diameter (3.18 cm) , fruit weight (13.40 g), fruit volume(21.24 cm3), fruit yield plant-1 (292.54 g), shelf life (44.10 h), juice recovery percentage (91.10 %) , TSS (11.05 °B), total sugars (7.71%), ascorbic acid (69.20 mg/100 g of pulp) and anthocyanin content (62.30 mg100g-1).

Modeling of Methane Gas Generation and Emissions from Landfills

This study was carried out to develop a model capable of predicting the generation and potential emission of methane gas into the environment. Ryerson Landfill Gas Model (RLFGM) was developed using the IPCC tier two model (revised guidelines), the most recent national assessment model (Brown et. al. 1999) from UK and the model developed from DEFRA, UK. This report outlines the findings of the study and its recommendations. The study was performed on detailed characterization of solid waste as RDO, MDO and SDO and by dividing these waste components into nine waste fractions. The waste fractions are described by the percentage of moisture content of the fraction, the proportion of cellulose and hemi-cellulose, and the percentage of the degradability of the cellulose and hemi-cellulose fraction. Methane generating potential (L₀) was calculated from DOC and DOC(subscript f) value. The three methane generation rate constants (k) were used. Methane oxidation, methane correction factor, percentage of methane gas recovery, percentage of methane content in landfill gas were assumed based on comprehensive literature review. After the verification of the output of the RLFGM model with the LandGEM model it was found that the model is producing similar type of output graph as the LandGEM model but the rate of emissions of methane gas into the environment is lower in RLFGM model. It has been concluded that RLFGM model gives the realistic output with respect to individual landfill sites, taking into account of specific waste streams and deposition rates.

Modeling of Methane Gas Generation and Emissions from Landfills

This study was carried out to develop a model capable of predicting the generation and potential emission of methane gas into the environment. Ryerson Landfill Gas Model (RLFGM) was developed using the IPCC tier two model (revised guidelines), the most recent national assessment model (Brown et. al. 1999) from UK and the model developed from DEFRA, UK. This report outlines the findings of the study and its recommendations. The study was performed on detailed characterization of solid waste as RDO, MDO and SDO and by dividing these waste components into nine waste fractions. The waste fractions are described by the percentage of moisture content of the fraction, the proportion of cellulose and hemi-cellulose, and the percentage of the degradability of the cellulose and hemi-cellulose fraction. Methane generating potential (L₀) was calculated from DOC and DOC(subscript f) value. The three methane generation rate constants (k) were used. Methane oxidation, methane correction factor, percentage of methane gas recovery, percentage of methane content in landfill gas were assumed based on comprehensive literature review. After the verification of the output of the RLFGM model with the LandGEM model it was found that the model is producing similar type of output graph as the LandGEM model but the rate of emissions of methane gas into the environment is lower in RLFGM model. It has been concluded that RLFGM model gives the realistic output with respect to individual landfill sites, taking into account of specific waste streams and deposition rates.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOUTH SUMATRA COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) EXTRACT CREAM IN BURN WOUND RECOVERY OF MALE WHITE MICE (Mus musculus)

The effectiveness of South Sumatra coffee extract cream in burn wound recovery of white male mice had been analyzed. This research aims to ensure which one between immature and mature coffee bean that was better to recover burn wounds of male white mice after 14-day testing. The prepared concentrations for both coffee beans were 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. We then figured out that ethanol contained by young and old coffee beans had a recovery effect on burn wounds of male white mice (Mus musculus). Findings indicate that 0.3% of mature coffee beans were more effective in recovering burn wounds of male white mice (Mus musculus), in which the wound recovery percentage was close to that in the positive control (burnazin).

An AI-based quantitative home-use framework for assessing fertility and identifying novel hormone trends by recording urine hormones

Fertility testing using urinary hormones has been used to improve the likelihood of pregnancy effectively. To provide fertility scores, the existing home-use systems measure one or two hormones. However, the hormone profiles vary depending on cycle duration, fertility-related disorders, drugs and other treatments. Here we introduce Inito, a mobile-phone connected reader that is scalable to multiple hormone tests. In this report, we assess the accuracy of the quantitative home-based fertility monitor, Inito Fertility Monitor (IFM), and suggest using IFM as a device to monitor and analyse female hormone patterns. We further show that Inito can be used as a tool to decipher novel hormone patterns in a more profound way than the existing knowledge in the field. There were two aspects to our analysis: i. Evaluation of Inito Fertility Monitor efficiency characteristics for urinary Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), Pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) assessment, and ii. A retrospective study of patients' hormone profiles using IFM. For the performance assessment, the recovery percentage of the three hormones from IFM was evaluated using standard spiked solutions, the reproducibility of re-prediction and the correlation between re-predicted values from IFM and ELISA. The first urine sample of the day was collected from 100 women who volunteered for the study and IFM was provided to 52 more women to use it at home to track their fertile days. We observed that with all three hormones, IFM had an accurate recovery percentage and had a CV of less than 10 percent for separate test strips through tests of the same dosage making it a reliable tool to monitor hormone patterns of patients. Furthermore, in predicting the concentration of E3G, PdG and LH in urine samples, we show that IFM has a high correlation with ELISA. We show that certain hormone trends associated with urinary E3G, PdG and LH could be accurately captured using IFM. In addition, we report a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation compared to existing criteria. Finally, we present a novel hormone pattern associated with most of the menstrual cycles by examining hormone profiles from the volunteers recruited for the clinical trial. The Inito Fertility Monitor is an effective tool for calculating the urinary concentrations of E3G, PdG and LH and can also be used to provide accurate fertility scores and confirm ovulation. In addition, the sensitivity of IFM facilitates the monitoring of menstrual cycle-related hormone patterns, therefore also making it a great tool for physicians to track the hormones of their patients.