Characterizing Additively Manufactured Metals From a Novel Laser Wire Metal Deposition Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subha Kumpaty ◽  
Renius Curtis Balu ◽  
Abhiram Pinnamaraju ◽  
Matthew Schaefer ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Astm Standard ◽  
Standard Values

Abstract Several tests were conducted on 316 stainless steel, and 17-4 PH stainless steel to understand the effect of additive manufacturing on their mechanical properties in general. The samples were produced via a custom-built laser wire metal deposition, with variable laser power of 3600W for 316 stainless, and 4000W for 17-4 PH, but all other printing parameters were kept same. Four different tests, Tensile, Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact, and optical microscopy were carried out to establish the material properties and surface characterization. Through our assessment, it was found that the properties of the laser-printed samples can be greatly varied by printing in an inert atmosphere, while the printing orientation and post-print heat treatment process also play a dominant role in determining the properties. This research showed that the properties of additively manufactured 316 stainless, and 17-4 PH have fared well when compared to ASTM standard values for annealed metals. Details of the results are presented. Inspecting the 316 stainless, the metal strength and hardness were high while being printed in x orientation, while the metal was much more ductile when printed in y orientation. The 316 stainless micro-structure contained no porosity or no anomalies from the samples tested. The results of 17-4 stainless samples matched the ASTM standard values for strength and hardness. But with Charpy impact tests, the results seemed slightly ductile as the values were slightly lower than the threshold. That brittle nature could have been a result of porosity that was visible under microscope. But the porosity levels decreased tremendously when the sample was once again printed in an inert environment. The results of this research have helped us understand the intricate nature of 316 and 17-4 PH stainless steels while being additively printed. The beneficial research experience of participating undergraduate students in collaboration with industry is a special feature of this project.

Development of Bio-Compatible Metallic Structures Using Direct Metal Deposition Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Syed H. Riza ◽  
Syed H. Masood ◽  
Cui'e Wen ◽  
William Song
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Direct Metal Deposition ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Ti6al4v Titanium Alloy

This paper investigates the capabilities of Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process, which is a novel additive manufacturing technique, for creating structures that can be used as bone implants. Emphasis is on the use of bio-compatible metals, because metals are the most suitable materials in terms of mechanical strength when the requirement arises for supporting and replacing the load bearing bones and joints such as hip and knee. Specimens using two different metal powders, 41C stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, are generated by DMD process on mild steel and titanium plates as substrates respectively. Metallographic samples were made from the cladding, and tested for surface roughness and micro-hardness. The results indicate that at low laser power, hard and strong structures with good porosity can be successfully created using the DMD system.

scholarly journals Research of deformation compensation method in laser metal deposition process of 316L stainless steel product

2021 ◽  
Vol 2077 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
A Kovchik ◽  
K Babkin ◽  
A Vildanov
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Steel Product ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Shrinkage Effect ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Deformation Compensation

Abstract It is exists the problem of big product manufacturing with minimal dimensions tolerances. To solve this problem it is necessary to compensate the deformations influence. In researching of method, it became clear that deformation degree has changed and depended on size and form of part. However, the amount of deformation degree to dimension of part is still independent of size. This fact has observed after production of axis-symmetrical parts. The simple axis-symmetrical part was built up. The dimensions of part was measured, and the compensation coefficient was calculated. The dimensions of part was scaled on this coefficient for compensation of shrinkage effect. After that the experiment was repeated.

Study of Ultrasonic Vibration Laser Metal Deposition Process

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyong Chen ◽  
Todd Sparks ◽  
Jianzhong Ruan ◽  
Frank Liou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Laser Direct Deposition

This paper presents the usage of ultrasonic vibration in laser direct deposition of 316L (stainless steel) powder. Ultrasonic vibration is used to refine the crystalline structure of the deposition. The ultrasonic vibration device vibrates in the laser deposition system along the Z axis while the system is performing metal deposition. A design of experiments approach is applied in studying the effect of vibration on the deposited material. Vibration during deposition led to grain refinement and an increase in micro-hardness. Also, vibration frequency is a significant factor in determining microstructure.

A Study of Microstructure and Surface Hardness of Parts Fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Deposition Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 648-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Soodi ◽  
Milan Brandt ◽  
Syed H. Masood
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Direct Metal Deposition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aluminium Bronze ◽  
Hardness Values

This paper presents an investigation on the microstructure and surface hardness of the parts fabricated by laser assisted Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) technology. A series of engineering metallic alloy powders were used in the DMD process to produce simple 3D geometric structures. The alloy powders investigated include: 316L stainless steel, 420 Stainless Steel, Stellite(R) 6, tool steel (H13), Cholmoloy (Ni Based alloy), and Aluminium Bronze. These were chosen due to their frequent application in engineering parts and components. The microstructure and hardness values have been compared to those of the wrought products (as annealed) as reported in the SAE standards, Heat treater’s guide to metals ASM international, and material data sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers. A significant difference is reported in both hardness and microstructure of the laser deposited samples compared to those of the wrought form.

Crystallographic orientation dependence of Charpy impact behaviours in stainless steel 316L fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 102104
Author(s):  
Xianglong Wang ◽  
Oscar Sanchez-Mata ◽  
Sıla Ece Atabay ◽  
Jose Alberto Muñiz-Lerma ◽  
Mohammad Attarian Shandiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

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