Net Energy Metered PV in Hawaii: Experience and Challenges

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Consumer Adoption ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Net Energy Metering

In June 2001, Hawaii became the 35th state in the nation to adopt a net energy metering (NEM) law to promote the installation of small (10 kW and less) renewable energy (RE) grid-connected systems across the Hawaiian Islands. What effect has the availability of this law had on the diffusion of NEM photovoltaic (PV) systems in Hawaii? Given the typical abundant sunshine here coupled with consistently high electric utility rates, NEM should be taking off, yet consumer adoption has been slow. What have been the principal impediments to homeowners and businesses going solar electric? While the relatively small number of NEM PV systems installed to date does not allow for definitive conclusions on the ability of the NEM law to achieve its purpose, this initial evaluation will identify what challenges and obstacles exist and make recommendations to overcome them.

scholarly journals A Simplified Method: System Size and Cost Estimation of Grid Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6240-6243
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
System Size ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Energy Metering

There are various types of Renewable Energy (RE) that has been studied by many researchers in order to find a costeffective energy generation in reducing the non-renewable energy source. In this study, the solar energy was suggested in order to apply the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme that has been introduced effective on 1st January 2019, by Malaysian government in achieving 20% national RE target in electricity power mix, reducing the dependency on imported fossil fuels. Based on the data and results, the suitable size of solar panel for a house can be determined based on the daily electricity usage. The findings show that the system size and the cost itself also depends on the estimated amount solar generated set by the consumer.

scholarly journals Design of Net Energy Metering System for a Hybrid Energy Storage System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3003-3005
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Net Energy Metering

The expectation for everyday comforts and success of a country fluctuate legitimately with the expansion in the utilization of intensity. The power necessity of the world is expanding at a disturbing rate because of mechanical development, expanded and broad utilization of electrical device. As per world vitality report, around 80% of our vitality is received from regular non-renewable energy sources like oil, gaseous petrol and coal . It is evident from the current scenario that world will have to face the shortage of resources within no time. Hence, it is a call for an alternative vitality source search and there are many such attempts in recent times. The best elective source is sun powered vitality. This targets in structuring a hybrid Energy Storage System with Net Metering billing methodology to make the client profit from Variable Rate Electricity. Net energy metering system is an uncommon charging game plan that furnishes acknowledge to clients for sun powered PV frameworks for the full retail estimation of the power their framework creates. Under NEM, client's electric meter monitors how much power is devoured by the client and how much abundance power is produced by the framework and sent go into the electric utility lattice.

scholarly journals A Decade of Transitioning Malaysia toward a High-Solar PV Energy Penetration Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9959
Author(s):  
Alaa A. F. Husain ◽  
Maryam Huda Ahmad Phesal ◽  
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir ◽  
Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin ◽  
Abdulhadi H. J. Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Energy Installation ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Net Energy Metering

In the last 10 years, Malaysia has aggressively moved towards a higher penetration of 20% of renewable energy (RE) in the Malaysian energy mix by 2025. Several incentives and initiatives have taken place with the aim of achieving the goals in terms of installed capacity and catching up with the leading countries in these sectors. Since 2011, Malaysia started the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) before introducing Net Energy Metering (NEM) in 2017, and recently, another initiative known as NEM 3.0 has been introduced. This paper reviews all policies undertaken by the Malaysian government from 2011 to 2021 in spearheading the country to be on par with others, especially those in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region. The effectiveness of each policy on the growth of photovoltaic PV energy installation is highlighted, and the latest update on the NEM 3.0 policy is also discussed. A comparison of each approach in terms of installed capacity and system connection setup to the grid is also considered for the benefit and sharing of knowledge from one of the fastest-developing countries in the region.

scholarly journals Financial Impacts of Net-Metered Distributed PV on a Prototypical Western Utility’s Shareholders and Ratepayers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cappers ◽  
Andrew Satchwell ◽  
Will Gorman ◽  
Javier Reneses
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Distributed solar photovoltaic (DPV) under net-energy metering with volumetric retail electricity pricing has raised concerns among utilities and regulators about adverse financial impacts for shareholders and ratepayers. Using a pro forma financial model, we estimate the financial impacts of different DPV deployment levels on a prototypical Western U.S. investor-owned utility under a varied set of operating conditions that would be expected to affect the value of DPV. Our results show that the financial impacts on shareholders and ratepayers increase as the level of DPV deployment increases, though the magnitude is small even at high DPV penetration levels. Even rather dramatic changes in DPV value result in modest changes to shareholder and ratepayer impacts, but the impacts on the former are greater than the latter (in percentage terms). The range of financial impacts are driven by differences in the amount of incremental capital investment that is deferred, as well as the amount of incremental distribution operating expenses that are incurred. While many of the impacts appear relatively small (on a percentage basis), they demonstrate how the magnitude of impacts depend critically on utility physical, financial, and operating characteristics.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study for Different Sizing of Solar PV System under Net Energy Metering Scheme at University Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
T. M. N. T. Mansur ◽  
N. H. Baharudin ◽  
R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
University Buildings ◽  
The University ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Malaysia has moved forward by promoting the use of renewable energy such as solar PV to the public to reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based energy resources. Due to the concern on high electricity bill, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is keen to install solar PV system as an initiative for energy saving program to its buildings. The objective of this paper is to technically and economically evaluate the different sizing of solar PV system for university buildings under the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. The study involves gathering of solar energy resource information, daily load profile of the buildings, sizing PV array together with grid-connected inverters and the simulation of the designed system using PVsyst software. Based on the results obtained, the amount of solar energy generated and used by the load per year is between 5.10% and 20.20% from the total annual load demand. Almost all solar energy generated from the system will be self-consumed by the loads. In terms of profit gained, the university could reduce its electricity bill approximately between a quarter to one million ringgit per annum depending on the sizing capacity. Beneficially, the university could contribute to the environmental conservation by avoiding up to 2,000 tons of CO2 emission per year.

scholarly journals Relationship between installed capacity with total installation cost on solar PV among prosumer NEM 2.0 in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1467-1479
Author(s):  
Noriza Mohd Saad ◽  
Izzaamirah Ishak ◽  
Amar Hisham Jaaffar ◽  
Mohd Zamri Laton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Generate energy by Solar PV installation among prosumer, i.e; domestic, commercial, industrial as well as agriculture for self-consumption under Net Energy Metering (NEM) system become more popular in Malaysia. One, if not the only reason, is that day-to-day installation costs are kept at a decreasing rate and this is one of the reasonable ones for future investments and energy savings. By considering this issue, this study is motivated to investigate the relationship between installed capacity with the total installation costs as represented by equipment costs, installed costs, and operating costs. Secondary data was utilized provided by Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Malaysia and retrieved from Malaysian Energy Information Hub (MEIH). The data is then run by multivariate regression, which is focused on the random and fixed-effect model. Overall, the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between installed capacities with total installation costs among all categories of the prosumer in Malaysia. It would be recommended that the policymaker can increase the quota capacity allocation to the prosumer since the costs are at a diminishing rate that led to the take-up rate increase.

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