scholarly journals Relationship between installed capacity with total installation cost on solar PV among prosumer NEM 2.0 in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1467-1479
Author(s):  
Noriza Mohd Saad ◽  
Izzaamirah Ishak ◽  
Amar Hisham Jaaffar ◽  
Mohd Zamri Laton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Generate energy by Solar PV installation among prosumer, i.e; domestic, commercial, industrial as well as agriculture for self-consumption under Net Energy Metering (NEM) system become more popular in Malaysia. One, if not the only reason, is that day-to-day installation costs are kept at a decreasing rate and this is one of the reasonable ones for future investments and energy savings. By considering this issue, this study is motivated to investigate the relationship between installed capacity with the total installation costs as represented by equipment costs, installed costs, and operating costs. Secondary data was utilized provided by Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Malaysia and retrieved from Malaysian Energy Information Hub (MEIH). The data is then run by multivariate regression, which is focused on the random and fixed-effect model. Overall, the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between installed capacities with total installation costs among all categories of the prosumer in Malaysia. It would be recommended that the policymaker can increase the quota capacity allocation to the prosumer since the costs are at a diminishing rate that led to the take-up rate increase.

scholarly journals A Decade of Transitioning Malaysia toward a High-Solar PV Energy Penetration Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9959
Author(s):  
Alaa A. F. Husain ◽  
Maryam Huda Ahmad Phesal ◽  
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir ◽  
Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin ◽  
Abdulhadi H. J. Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Energy Installation ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Net Energy Metering

In the last 10 years, Malaysia has aggressively moved towards a higher penetration of 20% of renewable energy (RE) in the Malaysian energy mix by 2025. Several incentives and initiatives have taken place with the aim of achieving the goals in terms of installed capacity and catching up with the leading countries in these sectors. Since 2011, Malaysia started the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) before introducing Net Energy Metering (NEM) in 2017, and recently, another initiative known as NEM 3.0 has been introduced. This paper reviews all policies undertaken by the Malaysian government from 2011 to 2021 in spearheading the country to be on par with others, especially those in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region. The effectiveness of each policy on the growth of photovoltaic PV energy installation is highlighted, and the latest update on the NEM 3.0 policy is also discussed. A comparison of each approach in terms of installed capacity and system connection setup to the grid is also considered for the benefit and sharing of knowledge from one of the fastest-developing countries in the region.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study for Different Sizing of Solar PV System under Net Energy Metering Scheme at University Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
T. M. N. T. Mansur ◽  
N. H. Baharudin ◽  
R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
University Buildings ◽  
The University ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Malaysia has moved forward by promoting the use of renewable energy such as solar PV to the public to reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based energy resources. Due to the concern on high electricity bill, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is keen to install solar PV system as an initiative for energy saving program to its buildings. The objective of this paper is to technically and economically evaluate the different sizing of solar PV system for university buildings under the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. The study involves gathering of solar energy resource information, daily load profile of the buildings, sizing PV array together with grid-connected inverters and the simulation of the designed system using PVsyst software. Based on the results obtained, the amount of solar energy generated and used by the load per year is between 5.10% and 20.20% from the total annual load demand. Almost all solar energy generated from the system will be self-consumed by the loads. In terms of profit gained, the university could reduce its electricity bill approximately between a quarter to one million ringgit per annum depending on the sizing capacity. Beneficially, the university could contribute to the environmental conservation by avoiding up to 2,000 tons of CO2 emission per year.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Analysis of Net Energy Metering for Residential House

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. N. T. Mansur ◽  
N. H. Baharudin ◽  
R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Design System ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Renewable Energy Act (RE Act) has been gazetted by the Malaysian Government in 2011 to encourage energy generation from renewable resources. Under Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme, solar PV has gained popularity due to its high FiT rates. However, the FiT scheme for solar PV has expired in 2016 and been replaced by the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. The objective of this research work is to technically and economically analyze the solar PV system for a residential house under NEM scheme. The methodology involves gathering solar energy resource information and daily residential load profile, sizing PV array together with grid-connected inverter and then lastly simulation of the design system by using PVsyst software. Based on the results obtained, the amount of energy generated is higher when the capacity of solar PV system is increased. While most of the energy generated is exported to the grid, only up to 25% of load demand is supplied by the solar PV system. From economic aspect, the residential house does not need to pay the electricity bill due to the self-consumed of energy generated and profit gained from excess energy exported to the grid. From the environmental aspect, 2,434 kWh energy generated from renewable resource annually and consumed by the residential load has replaced the fossil fuel based power from grid. This value is equivalent to almost 1.7 tons of CO2 avoidance to the environment.

scholarly journals Annualized Electricity Cost of Residential Solar PV System under Malaysia’s NEM Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafiz Razali ◽  
Md Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Dalila Mat Said ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Net energy metering (NEM) is a financial scheme that allows a consumer to generate, use and sell their excess energy to the grid. The main purpose of NEM is for self-consumption to reduce demand from the grid. It will allow customer to avoid being charged with expensive electricity tariff and hence reducing their monthly electricity bill. In other words, the annualized electricity cost could be reduced. NEM is commonly offered to residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Different PV size will determine the amount of energy that can be generated. This paper compares the annualized electricity cost of different residential customer types (large, medium and small) for different PV size under Malaysia’s net energy metering (NEM) scheme. This paper utilizes the load profile and solar irradiation data for Malaysia. The results show that high PV size does not guarantee reduction in annualized electricity cost especially for medium customers as the excess PV generation can only be accumulated for 24 months. Large customers may have benefited the most with lower annualized cost with larger PV system, while small customers may not have benefited at all.

scholarly journals Revisiting Solar Photovoltaic Roadmap of Tropical Malaysia: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedzlin Zainuddin ◽  
Hazman Raziq Salikin ◽  
Sulaiman Shaari ◽  
Mohamad Zhafran Hussin ◽  
Ardin Manja
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
The Government ◽  
Net Energy Metering ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Environmental issues and economic factors such as emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), fossil fuel depletion and fluctuation of oil prices are also the reason behind the utilization of sunlight as a source of energy. Even though with the spread of unprecedented pandemic of COVID 19, the industry of solar photovoltaic (PV) is surviving at a very promising rate compared to the oil industry. Malaysia has a high potential to be successful at harnessing solar energy as this country is located within the equatorial region. The government of Malaysia (GoM) introduced various policies, acts and incentives programs for the purpose of increasing this country’s potential to harness solar energy. Along with the efforts, goals and aims have also been set as a benchmark to measure Malaysia’s success in utilizing sunlight as an energy source. This study reviews the roadmap programs executed by GoM to elucidate the significant roles played in the development of solar PV starting from a few pilot projects in1980s until present. The roadmap focuses on incentive programs namely Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Net Energy Metering (NEM), Self-Consumption Scheme (SELCO), Large Solar Scale (LSS), Supply Agreement with Renewable Energy (SARE) and ‘Peer-to-Peer’ (P2P), which complement all the projects and solar PV applications in Malaysia. The contributing result of this roadmap is the highlights on the continuous solar PV programs stimulated by GoM, the identification and effort to improve the less performing GoM incentive programs combined with the positive responses from communities and industries, have laid a strong platform to forecast a promising future of solar PV industry in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Financial Impacts of Net-Metered Distributed PV on a Prototypical Western Utility’s Shareholders and Ratepayers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cappers ◽  
Andrew Satchwell ◽  
Will Gorman ◽  
Javier Reneses
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Distributed solar photovoltaic (DPV) under net-energy metering with volumetric retail electricity pricing has raised concerns among utilities and regulators about adverse financial impacts for shareholders and ratepayers. Using a pro forma financial model, we estimate the financial impacts of different DPV deployment levels on a prototypical Western U.S. investor-owned utility under a varied set of operating conditions that would be expected to affect the value of DPV. Our results show that the financial impacts on shareholders and ratepayers increase as the level of DPV deployment increases, though the magnitude is small even at high DPV penetration levels. Even rather dramatic changes in DPV value result in modest changes to shareholder and ratepayer impacts, but the impacts on the former are greater than the latter (in percentage terms). The range of financial impacts are driven by differences in the amount of incremental capital investment that is deferred, as well as the amount of incremental distribution operating expenses that are incurred. While many of the impacts appear relatively small (on a percentage basis), they demonstrate how the magnitude of impacts depend critically on utility physical, financial, and operating characteristics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverange Terhadap Praktik Income Smoothing pada Bank Syariah

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Syawal Harianto ◽  
Haris Al Amin ◽  
Yusmika Indah
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Test Result

This research is to know the effect of firm size, and financial leverage to Income Smoothing practices is Islamic Banks.  The data used is the secondary data with sourced from annual report data published by Islamic commercial banks and syariah business unit during 2016-2018 periods, samples research are 54 (fifty four) bank. Data analysis method using eviews with the fixed effect model. The result of the research shows that the simultan firm size and financial leverage have significant effect on Income Smoothing in Islamic banks.the partially, firm size an financial leverage has a positive and significant effect on income smoothin practices in Islamic banks City. The determination test result is 55%. Keywords: Firm Size, Financial leverage, Income Smoothing.

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