Challenges of Agri-Start-ups in Post-Harvest Cold Storage Technologies

Agri-start-ups are developing new products through a value chain, supply chain solutions,packaging, processing systems, infrastructure, warehousing, logistics, protection offoodstuffs, communications, e-commerce, delivery and retail models. The study aims todocument the challenges of Agri-startups working in post-harvest and storage parametersof fruits and vegetables. To get the insight, primary and secondary survey was carried outand data was used to provide suggestions to capture the customer and market. The dataindicated that different units required different temperature range to store a different kindof commodity in their cold storage unit. 86.15 per cent of units were using the backupgenerators. 53.84 per cent of units were getting the commodities directly from farmers,30.76 per cent from traders, 9.24 per cent from both and 6.15 per cent from others. 50.76per cent of units were desired to get low electricity bill and 10.76 per cent of units weredesired to come out of usage of generator whereas 32.3 per cent of units were willing toget both i.e. low electricity bill and without dependency on generator and 6.15 per cent ofunits were willing to reduce other costs like operation cost, maintenance cost etc. 70.76per cent of cold storage units having a cooling tower.

Feasibility Study of the Technical and Economic Performance of Grid-Connected PV System for Selected Rooftops in UTHM

This paper presents the feasibility study of the technical and economic performances of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system for selected rooftops in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The analysis of the electricity consumption and electricity bill data of UTHM campus show that the monthly electricity usage in UTHM campus is very high and expensive. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the annual electricity consumption and electricity bill of UTHM with Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. Therefore, the grid-connected PV system has been proposed at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim (DSI), Tunku Tun Aminah Library (TTAL), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina (FKAAS) and F2 buildings UTHM by using three types of PV modules which are mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si), poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si) and Thin-film. These three PV modules were modeled, simulated and calculated using Helioscope software with the capacity of 2,166.40kWp, 2,046.20kWp and 1,845kWp respectively for the total rooftop area of 190,302.9 ft². The economic analysis was conducted on the chosen three installed PV modules using RETScreen software. As a result, the Mono-Si showed the best PV module that can produce 2,332,327.40 kWh of PV energy, 4.4% of CO₂ reduction, 9.3 years of payback period considering 21 years of the contractual period and profit of RM4,932,274.58 for 11.7 years after payback period. Moreover, the proposed installation of 2,166.40kWp (Mono-SI PV module) can reduce the annual electricity bill and CO2 emission of 3.6% (RM421,561.93) and 4.4% (1,851.40 tCO₂) compared to the system without PV system.

Asymmetric Confidentiality in Blockchain Embedded Smart Grids in Galois Field

Economic growth requires a sharp increase in the utilization of energy. Since the initial mechanical era, financial development has been driven by industrialization, transportation, and, most important of all, electrification, majorly achieved by petroleum product ignition. This way of development has had malicious and abusive aftershocks on the environment since the beginning. Smart grids are an idea to slightly diminish the burden on our Mother Nature, but this idea is getting tainted by the anticipation of ferocious technophiles who may try to get the grid down using quantum computers in the coming years. Thus, security becomes one of the major concerns for the smart grid. In this paper, we propose a quantum-resistant framework for associating smart grids and blockchain embedded with a permutation-substitution-based public-key cryptosystem in Galois Field to prevent unauthorized access and perform encryption of the private information of the user and consumption statistics. Permutation and substitution are performed to increase the diffusion and confusion of the data. Expenditures are quantified from the dissipation particulars, and the payment of electricity bill is performed using our blockchain wallet. The prediction model of consumption data is generated availing stochastic gradient descent. The performance analysis of the proposed cryptosystem is predicted after a simulation of the smart grid.

The Optimum Thickness of Rockwool as Roof Thermal Insulation: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Now a days, the global warming has increased the temperature in the environment that forced the building occupant to get assisting from the air condition to reduce the heat tension inside the building, this could increase the electricity bill amount. The aim of this study is to measure the optimum thickness of Rockwool insulation to experimentally and numerically to reduce the heating load inside the buildings. Two devices have been used through this research, Infrared Thermometer to measure profile temperature of the walls along with VELOCICALC to measure the air temperature and air velocity. Three different layers of Rockwool insulation have been applied on the roof of wooden room. The data present the two layers thickness of Rockwool is the best selection to reduce the heating load inside the room, the differential between outside and inside is 0.9 °C, the Rockwool of one layer reduced only 0.5 °C and the maximum thickness with three layers reduced only 1 °C, which is not much effective compared to the two layers but even more costly. CFD analysis shows agreement with the experimental result. The results shows if the dimensions of a UCSI lecture room is to be considered, then applying Rockwool insulation with a thickness of 100 mm would cost around RM 1520 as a UCSI lecture room is of 8 m width and 9 m length. However, two layers of Rock wool insulation could save around 29.30% of ROI per annum.

KESTABILAN MODEL PETRI NET DARI SISTEM PEMBAYARAN TAGIHAN LISTRIK PT. PLN (Persero) RAYON AMBON TIMUR

This research develops the previous one of the electricity bill payment system in PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon East Ambon modelled by Petri Net. The previous researcher had built the Petri Net model of this payment system. In this research, we determine whether the system modelled before is stable or not. This stability will be analysed using the Lyapunov stability theory related to the Petri Net. The result shows that the electricity bill payment system modelled by Petri Net before is not stable but can be stabilized. This can be caused there is a transition which is ‘always enable’ in the modelled which is built. This research also performs a stable model of Petri Net that represents the electricity bill payment system with deleting the ‘always enable’ transition

Design And Development Of Real-Time Small Scale IoT Based Energy Monitoring System

This paper presents the digitization of small-scale energy monitoring systems based on IoT. The proposed energy monitoring system known as EMOSY eliminates the high-cost energy meter. EMOSY is designed to be portable and practical to use without modification of internal or external connection of appliances. EMOSY is developed by using a voltage detector circuit concept by amplifying the existence of electrostatic. This electrostatic reading sends to the database through Wi-Fi module ESP8266 integrated with Arduino NodeMCU. The web page is designed using Adobe Dreamweaver with HTML and PHP coding. In the proposed system, the user able to monitor the energy usage of each appliance and estimated billing time to time. Based on the result, the energy monitoring system successfully can detect the existence of electrostatic, and the webpage database can display the energy usage extended to the estimated electricity bill. The monitoring system is found to be useful to the residential, commercial, and industrial to monitor energy patterns, which is essential to facilitate energy conservation measures for minimizing energy usage.

Electric Cooking Diary in Bangladesh: Energy Requirement, Cost of Cooking Fuel, Prospects, and Challenges

Detrimental effects exerted by biomass-based traditional cookstoves on health, environment, hygiene, and the soaring price of gas makes it imperative to investigate the feasibility of electric cooking as a promising clean cooking fuel in the context of Bangladesh. However, the adoption of electric cooking is unlikely to be welcomed if the monthly cost of electricity consumed by the electric cooking appliances is not comparable to traditional cooking fuels. So far, no study has been reported in this respect. Therefore, this paper is aimed to assess the energy consumption of available electric cooking appliances for cooking typical Bangladeshi dishes. Estimated monthly electricity cost of electric cooking is also reported and then compared to that of traditional cooking fuels. For the study purpose, three respondent families were provided with a rice cooker, hot plate, induction cooker and electric pressure cooker for cooking their daily meals. After four months of use, data related to dish cooked, amount of food, cooking time, and energy consumption were collected which shows that hot plate and rice cooker were the least preferred appliances due to their poor workmanship and limited use respectively. On the contrary, despite the fact that electric pressure cookers cannot perform all types of frying, it was the most preferred appliance owing to its ability to significantly reduce the cooking time and its less energy consumption. Induction cooker was less preferred for the additional requirement of compatible cook pots. The study also reveals that monthly energy requirements for electric cooking varied from 72–87 kWh corresponding to a cooking electricity bill ranging from BDT 504–609 per month (USD 6–7.5) which is less expensive as compared with biomass and LPG based cooking. This paper also highlights the prospects and challenges associated with the adoption of electricity as the primary cooking fuel in Bangladesh.

Electricity Consumers’ Satisfaction During COVID-19 Lockdown in Some Selected States in Nigeria

This work studies the satisfaction experienced by electricity customers in Osun, Lagos, and Ogun States during the recent lockdown occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. The measures of the satisfaction are based on the hours of electricity supply during the period, easiness experienced for payment of prepaid bill and swiftness in faults correction of the distribution companies involved. A questionnaire was developed using Google Forms. The form was shared through various online platforms. A total of 274 electricity consumers responded to the questionnaire, but after sorting, 259 consumers across the three states were analyzed. From the responses, majority of respondents claim there was increased hours of supply during the period when compared to before the period. For prepaid customers who had reasons to pay electricity bill, majority claim it was easy paying while most of those who claimed it was not easy was because of their payment method choices, which is using designated points. Majority of those who have reasons for faults to be corrected by the distribution companies claim that there was not promptness in fault correction.

Inter-entities symbiotic relationships with the use of multi-period methodology in energy planning

The deficiency of natural resources and serious climate change have driven the global community to optimize energy planning using various process integration approaches. The inter-entities energy planning that allows internal sharing of resources poses a great potential to enhance energy planning. It is believed that the effective management of such relationships is crucial to gaining collaborative synergies, which provide economic benefits and minimize environmental impact. The developed inter-collaborated energy sharing model gives a handy lens to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested inter-entities collaboration and how it provides economic benefits for the involved “players”. To demonstrate the economic viability of the inter-entities’ energy planning, an energy sharing model is developed and applied to an illustrative case study that involved two entities. The results show that, when energy sharing is enabled, the involved entities can reduce their monthly electricity bill by 16.72 % (MYR 14940.73) for entity 1 and 14.29 % (MYR 14218.50) for entity 2, with a 20 % carbon emission constraint limit.