Mechanics of Individual-Specific Corneoscleral Shell Models

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Norman ◽  
Ian A. Sigal ◽  
Sophie M. K. Rausch ◽  
Inka Tertinegg ◽  
Armin Eilaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Shell Models

Glaucoma is a group of diseases involving a progressive optic neuropathy of unknown etiology. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. It has been postulated that glaucomatous optic neuropathy may result from mechanical stresses on the optic nerve fibers passing through the lamina cribrosa (LC), from ischemia in the LC region, or from a combination of these two.

Parapapillary atrophy in optic neuropathies: Histology and clinical relevance

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110606
Author(s):  
Ana Banc ◽  
Stefania Bianchi Marzoli
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Parapapillary Atrophy ◽  
Optic Nerve Disorders

Parapapillary atrophy is one of the parameters of the optic nerve head area which are assessed during the ophthalmoscopic examination particularly useful to characterize glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Optical coherence tomography evaluation provides high-resolution images of the optic nerve head and surrounding area, and can be used to study parapapillary atrophy. Different parapapillary atrophy zones were described depending on their histological features and research has been conducted to investigate the possible association between the presence and/ or size of parapapillary atrophy zones and several optic nerve disorders. In this review we discuss the histology and the clinical findings related to parapapillary atrophy in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies (e.g. arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathies; suprasellar and parasellar tumors), and other ocular conditions (e.g. high myopia; age-related macular degeneration). Two different histologic classifications were identified. Parapapillary atrophy was demonstrated in glaucoma and glaucoma-like neuropathies, but not in other types of optic nerve disorders.

Optic Disc Drusen in Tilted Disc

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giuffrè
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Optic Disc Drusen ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Tilted Disc ◽  
Optic Nerve Drusen

Purpose To investigate if a congenital anomaly of the head of the optic nerve like such as tilted disc can be a risk factor for the development of optic disc drusen. Methods The study was performed retrospectively on the files of 47 patients with optic disc drusen. The diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and B-scan ultrasonography. The authors examined the fundus photographs and the fluorescein angiographies of these patients looking for the presence of tilted discs. Results Two of the 47 patients with optic nerve drusen had tilted discs as well, about twice the expected rate. Both cases presented a parapapillary hemorrhage. Conclusions The concomitant presence of tilted disc and optic disc drusen can have a cause-effect relationship. The axonal crowding in a scleral canal of reduced size, as seen in tilted disc, can compress the nerve fibers against the stiff lamina cribrosa, producing a chronic optic neuropathy leading to drusen.

scholarly journals Comparison of Optic Disc Morphology of Optic Nerve Atrophy between Compressive Optic Neuropathy and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e112403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hata ◽  
Kazuaki Miyamoto ◽  
Akio Oishi ◽  
Yukiko Makiyama ◽  
Norimoto Gotoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Compressive Optic Neuropathy

scholarly journals Loss of vision secondary to toxic optic neuropathy due to gutka overdose: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Irfan Kabiruddin Jeeva ◽  
 Sidra Masud ◽  
Syed Hasan Raza Abidi, ◽  
Tazeen Saeed Ali ◽  
Ayesha Akbar Waheed, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Central Scotoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Toxic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Toxic optic neuropathy is defined as the damage caused by a toxin to the optic nerve fibers. There is a vast list of toxins that may lead to optic neuropathies. One of the toxins among this list is tobacco. Gutka being an oral form of tobacco, however, has not been previously related to optic neuropathy. Case presentation: We present a case of a 22-year-old male who presented with decreased far vision and gradually increasing photophobia. He had a history of gutka usage, a form of smokeless tobacco. Investigations revealed a central scotoma on FOV, a swollen optic disc on OCT and deranged Liver function tests. A diagnosis of RIGHT + LEFT optic neuropathy secondary to a chemical toxic was made, which in this case, was gutka. Conclusion: Consumption of gutka can lead to irreversible toxic optic neuropathy.

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