A Time Resolved DPIV In-Vitro Evaluation of Coronary Stents in Realistic Conditions: Part I — Influence of Stent Configuration

Cardiovascular disease has historically been the leading cause of death in the US [1], and coronary artery disease in particular accounts for over fifty percent of these deaths [1]. Since their approval in 1994, coronary stents have become one of the leading treatments for this disease. However, problems persist in both bare metal and drug-eluting stents (DESs) with long-term restenosis and thrombosis. It is well accepted that disruptions in arterial wall shear stress (WSS), especially low WSS, are linked to alterations in the endothelial cell layer, atherosclerosis, and thrombogenesis [2], although the exact mechanisms are still uncertain, and studies have shown that stent design is closely linked to clinical outcomes [3].

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A Time Resolved DPIV In-Vitro Evaluation of Coronary Stents in Realistic Conditions: Part II — Effect of Stent Design

ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2008-192646 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

John J. Charonko ◽

Satya P. Karri ◽

Jaime Schmieg ◽

Santosh V. Prabhu ◽

Pavlos P. Vlachos

Keyword(s):

Arterial Wall ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Drug Eluting Stents ◽

Stent Design ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Endothelial Cell Layer ◽

The Us ◽

Drug Eluting ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular disease has historically been the leading cause of death in the US [1], and accounts for approximately one third of all deaths worldwide [2]. Coronary artery disease in particular accounts for over fifty percent of these deaths and in 2004 was the single largest killer, affecting approximately 15 million people every year [1]. Coronary stenting was approved in 1994 by the FDA, and has become one of the leading treatments for the disease. However, problems persist in both bare metal and drug-eluting stents (DESs) with restenosis and thrombosis. It is well accepted that disruptions in arterial wall shear stress (WSS), especially low WSS, are linked to alterations in the endothelial cell layer and ultimately disease [3], although the exact mechanisms are still uncertain. Additionally, studies have shown that stent design is closely linked to clinical outcomes [4].

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Influence of Elongation of Paclitaxel-Eluting Electrospun-Produced Stent Coating on Paclitaxel Release and Transport Through the Arterial Wall after Stenting

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13071165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1165

Author(s):

Zhanna K. Nazarkina ◽

Boris P. Chelobanov ◽

Konstantin A. Kuznetsov ◽

Alexey V. Shutov ◽

Irina V. Romanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Artery Wall ◽

Vascular Stents ◽

Drug Eluting ◽

Fiber Breaks ◽

Stent Diameter ◽

Stent Coating

It was previously shown that polycaprolactone (PCL)-based electrospun-produced paclitaxel (PTX)-enriched matrices exhibit long-term drug release kinetics and can be used as coatings for drug-eluting stents (DES). The installation of vascular stents involves a twofold increase in stent diameter and, therefore, an elongation of the matrices covering the stents, as well as the arterial wall in a stented area. We studied the influence of matrix elongation on its structure and PTX release using three different electrospun-produced matrices. The data obtained demonstrate that matrix elongation during stent installation does not lead to fiber breaks and does not interfere with the kinetics of PTX release. To study PTX diffusion through the expanded artery wall, stents coated with 5%PCL/10%HSA/3%DMSO/PTX and containing tritium-labeled PTX were installed into the freshly obtained iliac artery of a rabbit. The PTX passing through the artery wall was quantified using a scintillator β-counter. The artery retained the PTX and decreased its release from the coating. The retention of PTX by the arterial wall was more efficient when incubated in blood plasma in comparison with PBS. The retention/accumulation of PTX by the arterial wall provides a prolonged drug release and allows for the reduction in the dose of the drugs in electrospun-produced stent coatings.

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