Effects of Muscle Activation on Occupant Kinematics in Frontal Impacts

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Beeman ◽  
Andrew R. Kemper ◽  
Michael L. Madigan ◽  
Stefan M. Duma
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Occupant Kinematics ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Human occupant responses in motor vehicle collisions are commonly predicted and evaluated using computational models and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). However, these are validated using post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) studies, which do not include the effects of muscle activation. Studies have shown that tensed muscles can change occupant kinematics and subsequently the kinetics during an automotive collision [1,2,3]. Consequently, the resulting injury patterns can be altered based on muscle activation. Continued development and validation of the aforementioned research tools necessitates further analysis of the effects of muscle activation on an occupant’s biomechanical response in car crashes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle tension on the occupant kinematics and kinetics in low-speed frontal sled tests.

Evaluation of Occupant Kinematics in Low- to Moderate-Speed Frontal and Rear-End Motor Vehicle Collisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bruno ◽  
Megan Toney-Bolger ◽  
Juff George ◽  
Jeffrey Koller ◽  
Anton Filatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

Multilevel Validation of a Male Neck Finite Element Model With Active Musculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Barker ◽  
Duane S. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Frontal Impact

Abstract Computational models of the human neck have been developed to assess human response in impact scenarios; however, the assessment and validation of such models is often limited to a small number of experimental data sets despite being used to evaluate the efficacy of safety systems and potential for injury risk in motor vehicle collisions. In this study, a full neck model (NM) with active musculature was developed from previously validated motion segment models of the cervical spine. Tissue mechanical properties were implemented from experimental studies, and were not calibrated. The neck model was assessed with experimental studies at three levels of increasing complexity: ligamentous cervical spine in axial rotation, axial tension, frontal impact, and rear impact; postmortem human subject (PMHS) rear sled impact; and human volunteer frontal and lateral sled tests using an open-loop muscle control strategy. The neck model demonstrated good correlation with the experiments ranging from quasi-static to dynamic, assessed using kinematics, kinetics, and tissue-level response. The contributions of soft tissues, neck curvature, and muscle activation were associated with higher stiffness neck response, particularly for low severity frontal impact. Experiments presenting single-value data limited assessment of the model, while complete load history data and cross-correlation enabled improved evaluation of the model over the full loading history. Tissue-level metrics demonstrated higher variability and therefore lower correlation relative to gross kinematics, and also demonstrated a dependence on the local tissue geometry. Thus, it is critical to assess models at the gross kinematic and the tissue levels.

Development of a Finite Element Model of a Pediatric Pelvis and Material Property Estimation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Zuoping Li ◽  
Yasushi Ito ◽  
Christina D. Huber ◽  
Alan M. Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Material Property Estimation

The pediatric pelvis is vulnerable to injuries in motor vehicle collisions, sport activities, and fall accidents. Pelvic fractures and injury mechanisms in children differ substantially from those found in adults [1]. While the injury mechanisms and tolerances of the adult pelvis have been fairly well characterized through cadaveric experiments and computational models, efforts related to the pediatric pelvis have been limited due to difficulties in acquiring and testing pediatric cadavers. The objective of this study was to develop a finite element (FE) model of a 10-year-old (10YO) human pelvis to provide more comprehensive understanding of injury mechanisms experienced by children.

Material Properties of the Post-Mortem Stomach in High-Rate Equibiaxial Elongation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Howes ◽  
Warren N. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Gastric Rupture ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Failure Properties ◽  
Equibiaxial Elongation

Risk of serious abdominal injury in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) is substantially reduced with the proper use of seatbelts [1]. However, a significant increase in occurrence of gastrointestinal tract injury exists with belt loading [2]. Crash-induced injuries of the stomach that occur in MVCs include gastric rupture and laceration [3]. To characterize the biomechanical response of the stomach associated with these failure modes, the multidirectional failure properties of cruciate tissue samples were investigated with high-rate biaxial stretch.

Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

105: Renal Injury Mechanisms in Motor Vehicle Collisions: Analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Dataset

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
James K. Kuan ◽  
Robert Kaufman ◽  
Jonathan L. Wright ◽  
Charles Mock ◽  
Avery B. Nathens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Research

scholarly journals A comparison of the demographics, injury patterns and outcome data for patients injured in motor vehicle collisions who are trapped compared to those patients who are not trapped

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Nutbeam ◽  
Rob Fenwick ◽  
Jason Smith ◽  
Omar Bouamra ◽  
Lee Wallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Critical

Abstract Background Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a common cause of major trauma and death. Following an MVC, up to 40% of patients will be trapped in their vehicle. Extrication methods are focused on the prevention of secondary spinal injury through movement minimisation and mitigation. This approach is time consuming and patients may have time-critical injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes and injuries of those trapped following an MVC: this will help guide meaningful patient-focused interventions and future extrication strategies. Methods We undertook a retrospective database study using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Patients were included if they were admitted to an English hospital following an MVC from 2012 to 2018. Patients were excluded when their outcomes were not known or if they were secondary transfers. Results This analysis identified 426,135 cases of which 63,625 patients were included: 6983 trapped and 56,642 not trapped. Trapped patients had a higher mortality (8.9% vs 5.0%, p < 0.001). Spinal cord injuries were rare (0.71% of all extrications) but frequently (50.1%) associated with other severe injuries. Spinal cord injuries were more common in patients who were trapped (p < 0.001). Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the trapped group 18 (IQR 10–29) vs 13 (IQR 9–22). Trapped patients had more deranged physiology with lower blood pressures, lower oxygen saturations and lower Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS (all p < 0.001). Trapped patients had more significant injuries of the head chest, abdomen and spine (all p < 0.001) and an increased rate of pelvic injures with significant blood loss, blood loss from other areas or tension pneumothorax (all p < 0.001). Conclusion Trapped patients are more likely to die than those who are not trapped. The frequency of spinal cord injuries is low, accounting for < 0.7% of all patients extricated. Patients who are trapped are more likely to have time-critical injuries requiring intervention. Extrication takes time and when considering the frequency, type and severity of injuries reported here, the benefit of movement minimisation may be outweighed by the additional time taken. Improved extrication strategies should be developed which are evidence-based and allow for the expedient management of other life-threatening injuries.

Use of cannabis and/or prescription opioids among adult drivers in Ontario, Canada: Prevalence and association with motor vehicle collisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 101091
Author(s):  
Christine M. Wickens ◽  
Anca R. Ialomiteanu ◽  
Patricia Di Ciano ◽  
Gina Stoduto ◽  
Robert E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions
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