A Novel Multi-Stimuli Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering Cartilage

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Carmona-Moran ◽  
Timothy M. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Perfusion Bioreactor ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Engineered Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Production

The demand for tissue engineered articular cartilage for implantation in patients with osteoarthritis requires the development of stable and robust large scale production systems. This can be accomplished through the use of a bioreactor that applies mechanical loading and regulates nutrient transport to promote cell growth, cell differentiation and tissue production. In the present work we have developed a shear stress and perfusion bioreactor (SSPB) capable of providing multiple stimuli to facilitate large-scale production of tissue engineered cartilage.

Plants as factories for production of biopharmaceutical and bioindustrial proteins: lessons from cell biologyThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Kermode
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Engineer Plant

Transgenic plants, seeds, and cultured plant cells are potentially one of the most economical systems for large-scale production of recombinant proteins for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. Biochemical, technical, and economic concerns with current production systems have generated enormous interest in developing plants as alternative production systems. However, various challenges must be met before plant systems can fully emerge as suitable, viable alternatives to current animal-based systems for large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and other products. Aside from regulatory issues and developing efficient methods for downstream processing of recombinant proteins, there are at least two areas of challenge: (1) Can we engineer plant cells to accumulate recombinant proteins to sufficient levels? (2) Can we engineer plant cells to post-translationally modify recombinant proteins so that they are structurally and functionally similar to the native proteins? Attempts to improve the accumulation of a recombinant protein in plant cells require an appreciation of the processes of gene transcription, mRNA stability, processing, and export, and translation initiation and efficiency. Likewise, many post-translational factors must be considered, including protein stability, protein function and activity, and protein targeting. Moreover, we need to understand how the various processes leading from the gene to the functional protein are interdependent and functionally linked. Manipulation of the post-translational processing machinery of plant cells, especially that for N-linked glycosylation and glycan processing, is a challenging and exciting area. The functions of N-glycan heterogeneity and microheterogeneity, especially with respect to protein function, stability, and transport, are poorly understood and this represents an important area of cell biology.

scholarly journals Morphology, mechanical strength and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate scaffolds

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Maria Arroyave-Muñoz ◽  
Claudia Patricia Ossa-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Innovative Material

Tissue engineering (TE) seeks to improve the unsatisfactory development of implants and medical procedures to solve bone and cartilage injuries. TE aims at regenerating tissues using cell growth platforms (scaffolds), which may consist of natural polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). PHA is an innovative material useful in medical applications due to its degradation capability and bacterial origin that allows large-scale production and control final properties. In this research, we developed commercial PHA scaffolds using the lyophilization technique with a factorial experimental design. We used dichloromethane as PHA solvent, tergitol as surfactant, and liquid nitrogen (N2) for the freezing process. We characterized the PHA by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); and the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical compression and hydrolysis degradation tests. The characterization of the PHA indicated that the material is a mixture of PHA and polylactic acid (PLA). The results showed a suitable pore distribution for migration of chondrocytes through the scaffold, in addition to a behavior similar to that of the articular cartilage, although it presented lower mechanical strength. Also, the scaffolds displayed mass loss in a non-linear way related to the percentage of PHA present in the sample. In conclusion, PHA scaffolds have a potential use in tissue engineering for restoring articular cartilage.

How to Develop Quality Courseware: Results of a Survey

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Urs Karrer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Production Strategy

A research project was started in 1985 to explore large-scale production systems which have a strong impact on the development of quality courseware. The exploration and evaluation of these production systems contribute to the explanation of the overall unsatisfactory quality of courseware. This article focuses on results of a survey which was conducted in January 1987 addressing more than sixty profit and nonprofit institutions in England, the federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. The survey revealed interesting results in various fields. The five working hypotheses (production strategy, production approach, and quality factors for courseware development) were confirmed to a great extent. These results may be instructional for institutions which recently joined this area and/or are planning to do so.

scholarly journals Harvesting of Microalgae by Flocculation

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Branyikova ◽  
Gita Prochazkova ◽  
Tomas Potocar ◽  
Zuzana Jezkova ◽  
Tomas Branyik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Production Technologies

Due to increasing demands for microalgal biomass and products originating from microalgae, large-scale production systems are necessary. However, current microalgal production technologies are not cost-effective and are hindered by various bottlenecks, one of which is the harvesting of microalgal biomass. Cell separation is difficult because of the low sedimentation velocity of microalgae, their colloidal character with repelling negative surface charges, and low biomass concentrations in culture broths; therefore, large volumes need to be processed in order to concentrate the cells. Flocculation is considered to be one of the most suitable methods for harvesting microalgal biomass. This article provides an overview of flocculation methods suitable for microalgal harvesting, their mechanisms, advantages and drawbacks. Special attention is paid to the role of surface charge in the mechanism of flocculation. The novelty of the review lies in the interconnection between the context of technological applications and physico-chemical surface phenomena.

scholarly journals Identification, Selection, and Enrichment of Cardiomyocyte Precursors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Ferrarini Zanetti ◽  
Walter José Gomes ◽  
Sang Won Han
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cell Doubling Time

The large-scale production of cardiomyocytes is a key step in the development of cell therapy and tissue engineering to treat cardiovascular diseases, particularly those caused by ischemia. The main objective of this study was to establish a procedure for the efficient production of cardiomyocytes by reprogramming mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue. First, lentiviral vectors expressing neoR and GFP under the control of promoters expressed specifically during cardiomyogenesis were constructed to monitor cell reprogramming into precardiomyocytes and to select cells for amplification and characterization. Cellular reprogramming was performed using 5′-azacytidine followed by electroporation with plasmid pOKS2a, which expressed Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4. Under these conditions, GFP expression began only after transfection with pOKS2a, and less than 0.015% of cells were GFP+. These GFP+cells were selected for G418 resistance to find molecular markers of cardiomyocytes by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Both genetic and protein markers of cardiomyocytes were present in the selected cells, with some variations among them. Cell doubling time did not change after selection. Together, these results indicate that enrichment with vectors expressing GFP and neoR under cardiomyocyte-specific promoters can produce large numbers of cardiomyocyte precursors (CMPs), which can then be differentiated terminally for cell therapy and tissue engineering.

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