scholarly journals Parasite specificity in Podarcis bocagei and P. carbonelli (Lacertidae) from NW Portugal: a host-parasite history

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Roca
Keyword(s):  
Nw Portugal ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Podarcis Bocagei

scholarly journals Dolops carvalhoi as a vector of Epistylis sp. between cultivated and wild specimens of Oreochromis niloticus in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Cibele Diogo Pagliarini ◽  
Lidiane Franceschini ◽  
Cristiéle da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Rosilene Luciana Delariva ◽  
João Paulo de Arruda Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Accidental Release ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Cage Fish

Abstract Epistyliasis has been characterized as an emergent disease which has a great impact on fish farms, especially on Oreochromis niloticus production systems. Although epidemiological important, information about the dispersion of these parasites and their mechanical vectors is scarce. The present study reported the cooccurrence of Epistylis sp. as an epibiont of Dolops carvalhoi, a parasitic crustacean of cultivated/wild specimens (from accidental release) of O. niloticus from a cage fish farm area in the Ilha Solteira Reservoir, Grande River, SP, Brazil. The co-occurrence of Epistylis sp. and D. carvalhoi, and their epibiont relationship registered in this study suppose that the Epistylis may use the crustaceans for dispersion and as mechanical vectors for the dissemination of diseases in wild and cultivated hosts. Moreover, exchange of parasites between wild and cultivated hosts is possible, considering both organisms (protozoan and argulid). Furthermore, the results of the present study demonstrate the need to monitor the areas adjacent to cage fish farms as a preventive measure for the dispersion of pathogens. This is the first report of epibiosis between Epistylis sp. and argulid parasites of cultivated and wild O. niloticus, contributing to knowledge about host-parasite specificity, geographical distribution, dispersion of etiological agents and epidemiology in aquaculture.

Parasitism of oospores of Pythium spp. by strains of Actinoplanes spp.

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Khan ◽  
A. B. Filonow ◽  
L. L. Singleton ◽  
M. E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Pythium Arrhenomanes ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Strains of Actinoplanes spp. were evaluated for their in vitro parasitism of oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium ultimum. Oospores of Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, and Pythium myriotylum were identified for the first time as hosts of Actinoplanes spp. Newly recorded parasites of oospores of Pythium spp. were Actinoplanes azureus, Actinoplanes brasiliensis, Actinoplanes caeruleus, Actinoplanes ferrugineus, Actinoplanes ianthinogenes, Actinoplanes italicus, Actinoplanes minutisporangius, Actinoplanes rectilineatus, Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, Actinoplanes utahensis, Actinoplanes violaceous, Actinoplanes yunnahenis, plus 15 strains of Actinoplanes yet to be speciated. Parasitized oospores had disorganized cytoplasms and hyphae of Actinoplanes sp. emerging from them. Infection of oospores in vitro varied from 0 to > 90%. Strains also were very active parasites of oospores in sterile soils. When added to nonsterile soils, several strains increased (p = 0.05) the level of oospore parasitism compared with nonsupplemented soils. Strains of Actinoplanes spp. exhibited a host specificity for species of Pythium in vitro and in soil. Sporulation of Actinoplanes sp. from infected oospores incubated on soil was frequent and more abundant than that observed in vitro.Key words: Pythium spp., Actinoplanes spp., actinomycetes, biological control, host–parasite specificity.

Injury-related phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and its implications with regard to specificity of host–parasite interaction

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Rahe ◽  
Robert M. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Freezing Injuries ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Time Point

Phaseollin accumulated locally at point-freezing injuries on hypocotyls of intact etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris. Maximum amounts occurred within 24 to 30 h after injury. Smaller amounts accumulated at similar sites on hypocotyls excised at the time point-freezing injuries were made, and the accumulation was less localized. Increasing amounts of phaseollin occurred at sites increasingly distant from the cotyledonary nodes in both intact and excised hypocotyls. Much higher levels of phaseollin were elicited by excision per se than by point-freezing. Phaseollin was not detected after freezing of whole hypocotyls, indicating that living tissue adjacent to injuries is required for accumulation. The data are discussed in relation to host–parasite specificity, with particular reference to the interaction between P. vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.

A Generalized Concept of Host-Parasite Specificity

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite

Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4991 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-72
Author(s):  
YASSER F. M. KARAR ◽  
CHARLES K. BLEND ◽  
NORMAN O. DRONEN ◽  
ASMAA ADEL
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Strict Definition

Species of Astiotrema Looss, 1900 (sensu lato) infect a wide range of fishes, amphibians and reptilians. They also possess a considerably wide spectrum of morphological features. Several species were recognized for variable, confusing, overlapping and unspecialized morphological characters rather than for unique distinguishing features, causing continuing dispute around the validity of several species. Following comprehensive review, a revised restricted concept of Astiotrema is proposed including a morphologically strict definition. Both Tremiorchis Mehra & Negi, 1926 and Astioglossimetra Bilqees, Khatoon & Khan, 2002 are synonymized with Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Several nominal species are synonymized, others are excluded and characters for each recognized species are presented and explained. Only eight species are recognized: Astiotrema cyclemysi Siddiqi, 1965, Astiotrema emydis Ejsmont, 1930, Astiotrema fotedari Dhar, 1977, Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1900, Astiotrema karachiensis (Bilqees, Khatoon & Khan, 2002) n. comb., Astiotrema odhneri Bhalerao, 1936, Astiotrema ranarum (Mehra & Negi, 1926) Fotedar, 1971 and Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900. A key to the species of Astiotrema (sensu stricto) is presented, a comprehensive list of all host-locality records is included and host-parasite specificity is elucidated.  

A Consideration of the Relation of Host-specificity of Helminths and other Metazoan Parasites to the Phenomena of Age Resistance and Acquired Immunity

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sandground
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Ancylostoma Caninum ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

1.The relation of host-parasite specificity to age resistance.Conclusive demonstration of a substantial resistance developing concomitantly with the ageing of the host has been made with reference to four helminths, namely: Ancylostoma duodenale andA. caninumin the dog andAscaridia lineataandSyngamus tracheain the chicken.A. duodenalein the dog andS. tracheain the chicken are manifestly in abnormal hosts. In contrast with this, it is to be noted that the normal hosts of these parasites, respectively man and the turkey, exhibit no appreciable age resistance. With regard to the remaining two cases, those ofAncylostoma caninumandAscaridia lineata, the association of age resistance and a specific host-parasite mal-adjustment is not nearly so clear. In nature, both parasites enjoy a polyxenous distribution, neither having acquired the need for strictly specific host conditions for development. As a result of recent researches withA. caninumit has been brought out that the species is comprised of strains better adapted to one species of host than to another, and it has been demonstrated that a higher degree of age resistance is exhibited in the host parasitised with a foreign strain. Although no information on the matter is available, it is quite possible that age resistance will be found to be less markedly expressed in other species or races of suitable hosts, when the bionomics of bothAncylostoma caninumandAscaridia lineataare further investigated.

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