Process Relationship in High-Stress Friction Coupled with Complex Shaped Counterbody and Friction Stir Welding Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

Model research tests of plastic deformation, fragmentation and flow of aluminum alloy material of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr system under high loaded friction in pair with a steel counterbody of a complex shape and comparison of the obtained result with the structure formed by friction stir welding have been carried out. The conducted studies show that the structure formed by extrusion of the material from the friction zone and its compaction in the channel of the counterbody is, in general, close in structure to the structure formed by friction stir welding of similar material. The distinguishing features of the structure formed in the model experiments on friction include the introduction into the stirring zone of material with deformed large-crystal structure, increased grain size of the stirring zone, the presence of defects and differences in the geometry of the stirring zone.

Molecular Aspects of Spike–ACE2 Interaction

A new betacoronavirus (CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that began in China at the end of 2019, today known as COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Subsequent studies confirmed the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the main cell receptor of spike trimeric glycoprotein, located on the viral envelope, mediating the CoV-2 invasion into the host cells through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike. Computational analysis of the known experimental 3D structures of spike–ACE2 complexes evidenced distinguishing features in the molecular interactions at the RBD-cell receptor binding interface between CoV-2 and previous CoV-1. The spike represents a key target for drug design as well as an optimal antigen for RNA/viral vector vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in order to maximize prevention and therapy of COVID-19.

Detecting DDoS Attacks Using Polyscale Analysis and Deep Learning

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are serious threats to the availability of a smart grid infrastructure services because they can cause massive blackouts. This study describes an anomaly detection method for improving the detection rate of a DDoS attack in a smart grid. This improvement was achieved by increasing the classification of the training and testing phases in a convolutional neural network (CNN). A full version of the variance fractal dimension trajectory (VFDTv2) was used to extract inherent features from the stochastic fractal input data. A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was applied to the input data and the VFDTv2 to extract significant distinguishing features during data pre-processing. A support vector machine (SVM) was used for data post-processing. The implementation detected the DDoS attack with 87.35% accuracy.

First record of Tambocerus viraktamathi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) in Pakistan

The leafhopper Tambocerus viraktamathi Rao is a newly recorded species in Pakistan. So far, only two species have been identified from the genus Tambocerus Zhang & Webb in Pakistan. Their distinguishing features, along with illustrations, are provided below.

Digital visual communication for public health: a design proposal for a vaccinated emoji (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED In the 21st century, the internet and particularly social media have become essential platforms for the spread of health information (and disinformation). One of the distinguishing features of communication on these platforms is the widespread use of emojis. Though seemingly trivial, emojis are now used by many if not most public health figures and organizations alongside important health updates. Much of that information has had to do with vaccination. Vaccines are a critical public health tool but one surrounded by falsehoods and phobias, especially in the time of COVID-19. Part of that has to do with their lack of positive representation on social media: the syringe emoji is a plain needle which for many people is an uncomfortable image. We thus argue that vaccination deserves an entirely new emoji, and discuss a design proposal for a vaccinated emoji that has gained traction in the global public health community.

A REVIEW OF THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN SAFRANBOLU REGION FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION FOR SEMANTICALLY ENHANCED 3D BUILDING MODEL

In addition to making our daily life easier with the use of it in different areas of our lives, technology continues to be used increasingly with different applications in many sectors.With the increase of developments in the construction sector, which is the locomotive of many sectors, different applications have been used in the field of modelling. But a building needs many projects such as static, dynamic, electricity, installation, furniture, etc. While these sectors are working with different software specific to them, it has been possible to work on these building projects in a single project by the help of BIM (Building Information Modelling).In addition to its function of projecting new buildings, BIM is an important development and building model in terms of preserving historical buildings, easily creating original building details, and transferring them to future generations without deterioration. The term HBIM (Historic / Heritage Building Information Modelling) has been brought to the literature by using the BIM model in historical buildings.The known history of Safranbolu district of Karabük in Turkey dates back to 3000 years. Safranbolu, which has hosted Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman empires in its history, has buildings that are still preserved with their originality. These structures were built in the pre-Ottoman, the Ottoman and the Republic periods.In our study, historical buildings such as houses, commercial houses, places of worship, inns, baths, fountains, and clock towers will be examined. Building models and distinctive features were examined to classify these structures by modeling them with BIM.While the differentiation of the buildings can be made easily by the building model, the distinguishing features of the houses built in different periods or by different civilizations were also determined in order to distinguish the housing types.While structures such as baths, clock towers or inns are not in a number that can be classified, it has been observed that there are residences, businesses and places of worship that can be classified. It has been determined that it is possible to classify the buildings by their materials, building sizes and shapes, and by their other features that can be used to classify.

Assessing the Believability of Computer Players in Video Games: A New Protocol and Computer Tool

In this paper, we address the challenge of believability in multiplayer video games. Our contribution is a system for assessing the believability of computer players. The state of the art examines existing methods and identifies seven distinguishing features that differ considerably from one assessment to the next. Our investigation reveals that assessment procedures typically alter gameplay, posing a considerable danger of bias. This is a major flaw since computer players are evaluated in a specific context rather than in the context of the game as it should be played, potentially skewing the findings of the evaluation. As a result, we begin on a trial-and-error process, with each new proposal building on the achievements of the previous one while removing the flaws. New proposals are tested with new assessments, a total of three experiments are then presented. We created a computer program that partially automates the execution of the assessment procedure, making these trials easier to implement. At the end, thanks to our proposal, gamers can assess the believability of computer players indirectly by employing reporting forms that alert users to the presence of bots. We assume that the more a bot is reported, the less credible it becomes. We ran a final experiment to test our proposal, which yielded extremely encouraging results.

Central charges for AdS black holes

Nontrivial diffeomorphisms act on the horizon of a generic 4D black holes and create distinguishing features referred to as soft hair. Amongst these are a left-right pair of Virasoro algebras with associated charges that reproduce the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for Kerr black holes. In this paper we show that if one adds a negative cosmological constant, there is a similar set of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms that act non-trivially on the horizon. The algebra of these diffeomorphisms gives rise to a central charge. Adding a boundary counterterm, justified to achieve integrability, leads to well-defined central charges with cL = cR. The macroscopic area law for Kerr-AdS black holes follows from the assumption of a Cardy formula governing the black hole microstates.

Characterization of Classical Flexural and Nummular Forms of Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood with Regard to Anamnestic, Clinical and Epidermal Barrier Aspects

Nummular (coin-shaped) and classical (flexural) atopic dermatitis differ morphologically, but no other distinguishing features are known. The aim of this study was to determine differences and similarities of both variants in children. Detailed interviews, clinical examinations, biophysical measurements and electron microscopic analyses were performed on 10 children with nummular atopic dermatitis, 14 with classical atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy controls. Nummular atopic dermatitis affected more boys than girls and manifested less frequently within the first year of life than classical atopic dermatitis. Localization, distribution and morphology of the eczema varied more over time, and expression of keratosis pilaris was more severe in children with nummular atopic dermatitis. Both disease groups showed reduced hydration, increased transepidermal water loss and reduced intercellular lipid lamellae in lesional skin areas compared with non-lesional areas. These findings underline the separate classification of both variants. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential of diverging therapeutic approaches.

Laboratory and numerical experiments on the near wake of a sphere in a stably stratified ambient

The flow around and behind a sphere in a linear density gradient has served as a model problem for both body-generated wakes in atmospheres and oceans, and as a means of generating a patch of turbulence that then decays in a stratified ambient. Here, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted for 20 values of Reynolds number, $Re$ , and internal Froude number, $Fr$ , where each is varied independently. In all cases, the early wake is affected by the background density gradient, notably in the form of the body-generated lee waves. Mean and fluctuating quantities do not reach similar states, and their subsequent evolution would not be collapsible under any universal scaling. There are five distinguishable flow regimes, which mostly overlap with previous literature based on qualitative visualisations and, in this parameter space, they maintain their distinguishing features up to and including buoyancy times of 20. The possible relation of the low $\{Re, Fr\}$ flows to their higher $\{Re, Fr\}$ counterparts is discussed.