Two-dimensional surface characterization of laser-deposited carbon films using Raman scattering

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Yi ◽  
Y. F. Lu ◽  
H. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Energetic Deposition and Surface Characterization of Thin Carbon Films on Nickel

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
K. P. Adhi ◽  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
S. S. Wagal ◽  
D. S. Joag ◽  
S. K. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Nickel Substrates ◽  
Phase Surface ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Deposited Films

Thin films deposited by rapidly quenching the energetic carbon species impinging onto polycrystalline nickel substrates were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and field ion microscopy (FIM). XPS and EELS of the deposited films, when compared with those recorded for graphite and synthetic diamond, indicated the growth of diamond like carbon films and amorphic diamond (a-D) phase. Surface atomic arrangement in the film is observed by FIM which magnifies the surface ~105 to 106 times. Facetting, lack of graphitic ordering, stability of the image inspite of raising or lowering the voltage about the field evaporation voltage indicate that the field ion micrograph is that of a-D.

Solitary Waves of Integrate-and-Fire Neural Fields

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1677-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Horn ◽  
Irit Opher
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Neural Fields ◽  
Firing Activity ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Integrate And Fire ◽  
Strong Inhomogeneity ◽  
Continuum Formulation ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Arrays of interacting identical neurons can develop coherent firing patterns, such as moving stripes that have been suggested as possible explanations of hallucinatory phenomena. Other known formations include rotating spirals and expanding concentric rings. We obtain all of them using a novel two-variable description of integrate-and-fire neurons that allows for a continuum formulation of neural fields. One of these variables distinguishes between the two different states of refractoriness and depolarization and acquires topological meaning when it is turned into a field. Hence, it leads to a topologic characterization of the ensuing solitary waves, or excitons. They are limited to pointlike excitations on a line and linear excitations, including all the examples noted above, on a two dimensional surface. A moving patch of firing activity is not an allowed solitary wave on our neural surface. Only the presence of strong inhomogeneity that destroys the neural field continuity allows for the appearance of patchy incoherent firing patterns driven by excitatory interactions.

Three-Dimensional Surface Characterization by Two-Dimensional Autoregressive Models

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min S. Hong ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Dimensional Surface

An attempt is made to characterize and synthesize engineered surfaces. The proposed method, based on two-dimensional difference equations and two-dimensional linear autoregressive models, is not only an analytical tool to characterize but also to generate/synthesize three-dimensional surfaces with desired properties. The developed method expresses important three-dimensional surface characteristics such as the autocorrelation or power spectrum density functions in terms of the two-dimensional autoregressive coefficients.

Characterization of metal-containing carbon films using Raman scattering

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 4520-4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. F. Huang ◽  
S. F. Yoon ◽  
Rusli ◽  
K. Chew ◽  
J. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Carbon Films

An Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering to the Surface Characterization of Carbon Materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishida ◽  
H. Fukuda ◽  
G. Katagiri ◽  
A. Ishitani
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Island Films

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been successfully applied to the surface characterization of carbon materials such as highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, pyrolitic graphite, glassy carbon, diamond, and carbon fibers by the evaporation of Ag island films onto the surface. The surface chemical and morphological structure of carbon materials has been parallelly characterized by electron energy loss spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscope. Raman scattering from the outermost surface of carbon materials is found to be remarkably enhanced by the presence of Ag island films (50–100 Å). The chemical and crystal structure change of graphite and diamond by argon-ion etching has also been studied by the enhanced Raman spectra. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of using SERS with the Ag overlayer method as a new high-sensitivity surface probe for various kinds of industrial materials.

Raman scattering and nuclear surface characterization of aged porous silicon

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 3335-3341 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mariotto ◽  
F. Ziglio ◽  
F. L. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Nuclear Surface

Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform and Power Spectrum for Surface Roughness in three Dimensions

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W P Dong ◽  
K J Stout
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Extract Information

Two-dimensional power spectrums of engineering surfaces contain plenty of information that is important and valuable for surface characterization. However, the characteristics of the two-dimensional spectrums are largely unknown and the algorithm to implement them is not familiar to many engineers or researchers. This paper describes a detailed procedure to implement the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform and power spectrum for surface roughness in three dimensions. Methods used to extract information from the spectrums are introduced. In order to perform two-dimensional spectral analysis and to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of engineering surfaces, an atlas of the two-dimensional spectrums of representative engineering surfaces are presented. The properties of the spectrums are discussed in conjunction with theoretical analysis and visual characterization of the presented spectrums.

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