Spatial release of cognitive load measured in a dual-task paradigm in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 1888-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xia ◽  
Nazanin Nooraei ◽  
Sridhar Kalluri ◽  
Brent Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Spatial Release ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

scholarly journals Postural control during dual task in adolescent cochlear implant users under on/off-device conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Nadimi ◽  
Mansoureh Adel Ghahraman ◽  
Ghassem Mohammadkhani ◽  
Reza Hoseinabadi ◽  
Shohreh Jalaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Control Performance

Background and Aim: Vestibular system has several anatomical connections with cognitive regions of the brain. Vestibular disorders have negative effects on cognitive performance. Hearing-impaired patients, particularly cochlear implant users, have concomitant vestibular disor­ders. Previous studies have shown that attention assigned to postural control decreases while per­forming a cognitive task (dual task) in hearing-impaired children. Since the vestibular system and postural control performance develop around 15−16 years of age, the aim of this study was to compare postural control performance during dual task in adolescent boys with normal hearing and cochlear implant (CI) users with congenital hearing-impairment. Methods: Postural control was assessed in twenty 16−19 year old cochlear implant boys and 40 normal hearing peers with force plate. The main outcomes were displacement in posterior- anterior and medial-lateral planes, and mean speed with and without cognitive task and under on/off-device conditions. Caloric test was per­formed for CI users in order to examine the peri­pheral vestibular system. Results: Ninety-five percent of CI users showed caloric weakness. There were no significant diff­erences in postural control parameters between groups. All performances deteriorated in the foam pad condition compared to the hard surface in all groups. Total mean velocity significantly increased during dual task in normal hearing group and in CI users with off-device. Conclusion: Although CI users had apparent vestibular disorders, their postural control in both single and dual-task conditions was identical to the normal peers. These effects can be attributed to the vestibular compensation that takes place during growing. Keywords: Balance; postural control; dual task; congenital hearing loss; cochlear implant

Does seeing gesture lighten or increase the load?

Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn B. Hostetter ◽  
Stuart H. Murch ◽  
Lyla Rothschild ◽  
Cierra S. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Target Array

Abstract We examined the cognitive resources involved in processing speech with gesture compared to the same speech without gesture across four studies using a dual-task paradigm. Participants viewed videos of a woman describing spatial arrays either with gesture or without. They then attempted to choose the target array from among four choices. Participants’ cognitive load was measured as they completed this comprehension task by measuring how well they could remember the location and identity of digits in a secondary task. We found that addressees experience additional visuospatial load when processing gestures compared to speech alone, and that the load primarily comes when addressees attempt to use their memory of the descriptions with gesture to choose the target array. However, this cost only occurs when gestures about horizontal spatial relations (i.e., left and right) are produced from the speaker’s egocentric perspective.

The Effort Required to Comprehend a Short Documentary in Noise: A Comparison of Younger and Older Francophones

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3S) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Tangkhpanya ◽  
Morgane Le Carrour ◽  
Félicia Doucet ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

Speech processing is more effortful under difficult listening conditions. Using a dual-task paradigm, it has been shown that older adults deploy more listening effort than younger adults when performing a speech recognition task in noise. Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dual-task paradigm could be used to investigate differences in listening effort for an audiovisual speech comprehension task. If so, it was predicted that older adults would expend more listening effort than younger adults. Method Three groups of participants took part in the investigation: (a) young normal-hearing adults, (b) young normal-hearing adults listening to the speech material low-pass filtered above 3 kHz, and (c) older adults with age-related normal hearing sensitivity or better. A dual-task paradigm was used to measure listening effort. The primary task consisted of comprehending a short documentary presented at 63 dBA in a background noise that consisted of a 4-talker speech babble presented at 69 dBA. The participants had to answer a set of 15 questions related to the content of the documentary. The secondary task was a tactile detection task presented at a random time interval, over a 12-min period (approximately 8 stimuli/min). Each task was performed separately and concurrently. Results The younger participants who performed the listening task under the low-pass filtered condition displayed significantly more listening effort than the 2 other groups of participants. Conclusion First, the study confirmed that the dual-task paradigm used in this study was sufficiently sensitive to reveal significant differences in listening effort for a speech comprehension task across 3 groups of participants. Contrary to our prediction, it was the group of young normal-hearing participants who listened to the documentaries under the low-pass filtered condition that displayed significantly more listening effort than the other 2 groups of listeners.

scholarly journals Natural discourse reference generation reduces cognitive load in spoken systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CAMPANA ◽  
M. K. TANENHAUS ◽  
J. F. ALLEN ◽  
R. REMINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Central Topic ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThe generation of referring expressions is a central topic in computational linguistics. Natural referring expressions – both definite references like ‘the baseball cap’ and pronouns like ‘it’ – are dependent on discourse context. We examine the practical implications of context-dependent referring expression generation for the design of spoken systems. Currently, not all spoken systems have the goal of generating natural referring expressions. Many researchers believe that the context-dependency of natural referring expressions actually makes systems less usable. Using the dual-task paradigm, we demonstrate that generating natural referring expressions that are dependent on discourse context reduces cognitive load. Somewhat surprisingly, we also demonstrate that practice does not improve cognitive load in systems that generate consistent (context-independent) referring expressions. We discuss practical implications for spoken systems as well as other areas of referring expression generation.

Evaluating cognitive load in spoken language interfaces using a dual-task paradigm

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Campana ◽  
Michael K. Tanenhaus ◽  
James F. Allen ◽  
Roger W. Remington
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

scholarly journals Aha! under pressure: Is the Aha! experience constrained by cognitive load?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Stuyck
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Vexing Problem

The Aha! moment‒ the sudden insight sometimes reached when solving a vexing problem‒ entails a different problem-solving experience than solution retrieval reached by an analytical, multistep strategy (i.e., non-insight). To date, the (un)conscious nature of insight remains debated. We addressed this by studying insight under cognitive load. If insight and non-insight problem solving rely on conscious, effortful processes, they should both be influenced by a concurrent cognitive load. However, if unconscious processes characterize insight, cognitive load might not affect it at all. Using a dual-task paradigm, young, healthy adults (N = 106) solved 70 word puzzles under different cognitive loads. We confirmed that insight solutions were more often correct and received higher solution confidence. Importantly, as cognitive load increased, non-insight solutions became less frequent and required more solution time, whereas insightful ones remained mostly unaffected. This implies that insight problem solving did not compete for limited cognitive resources.

Hearing Aid Amplification Reduces Communication Effort of People With Hearing Impairment and Their Conversation Partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Beechey ◽  
Jörg M. Buchholz ◽  
Gitte Keidser
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Acoustic Environments ◽  
The Impact

Objectives This study investigates the hypothesis that hearing aid amplification reduces effort within conversation for both hearing aid wearers and their communication partners. Levels of effort, in the form of speech production modifications, required to maintain successful spoken communication in a range of acoustic environments are compared to earlier reported results measured in unaided conversation conditions. Design Fifteen young adult normal-hearing participants and 15 older adult hearing-impaired participants were tested in pairs. Each pair consisted of one young normal-hearing participant and one older hearing-impaired participant. Hearing-impaired participants received directional hearing aid amplification, according to their audiogram, via a master hearing aid with gain provided according to the NAL-NL2 fitting formula. Pairs of participants were required to take part in naturalistic conversations through the use of a referential communication task. Each pair took part in five conversations, each of 5-min duration. During each conversation, participants were exposed to one of five different realistic acoustic environments presented through highly open headphones. The ordering of acoustic environments across experimental blocks was pseudorandomized. Resulting recordings of conversational speech were analyzed to determine the magnitude of speech modifications, in terms of vocal level and spectrum, produced by normal-hearing talkers as a function of both acoustic environment and the degree of high-frequency average hearing impairment of their conversation partner. Results The magnitude of spectral modifications of speech produced by normal-hearing talkers during conversations with aided hearing-impaired interlocutors was smaller than the speech modifications observed during conversations between the same pairs of participants in the absence of hearing aid amplification. Conclusions The provision of hearing aid amplification reduces the effort required to maintain communication in adverse conditions. This reduction in effort provides benefit to hearing-impaired individuals and also to the conversation partners of hearing-impaired individuals. By considering the impact of amplification on both sides of dyadic conversations, this approach contributes to an increased understanding of the likely impact of hearing impairment on everyday communication.

Cognitive Load beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Renkl ◽  
Hans Gruber ◽  
Sandra Weber ◽  
Thomas Lerche ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task

Zusammenfassung: Die Effektivität des Lernens aus Lösungsbeispielen im Vergleich zum Lernen durch Problemlösen wird derzeit mit der Cognitive Load-Theorie erklärt: Beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen wird das Arbeitsgedächtnis weniger belastet, daher bleibt mehr Raum für Lern- und Verstehensprozesse. Um diese These direkt experimentell zu überprüfen, wurde das dual task-Paradigma eingesetzt. 80 Studierende der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften wurden auf die Zellen eines 2 × 2-faktoriellen Designs (Faktor 1: Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen vs. Lernen durch Problemlösen; Faktor 2: mit vs. ohne Zweitaufgabe) verteilt. Der Lernstoff war Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Der Lernerfolg wurde mit einem Nachtest erfasst. Das Befundmuster hinsichtlich des Lernerfolgs und der Reaktionszeiten auf eine Zweitaufgabe in den vier experimentellen Gruppen stimmte mit den aus der Cognitive-Load-Theorie abgeleiteten Hypothesen überein.

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