Discrimination thresholds for level increments in the stop-consonant noise bursts of CVC words: Intra-speech masking, temporal-position, temporal-variability, and place-of-articulation effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156-2156
Author(s):  
Blas Espinoza-Varas ◽  
Jaremiah Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Place Of Articulation

Tonotopic organization of responses reflecting stop consonant place of articulation in primary auditory cortex (A1) of the monkey

1995 ◽  
Vol 674 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
David Reser ◽  
Charles E. Schroeder ◽  
Joseph C. Arezzo
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Tonotopic Organization ◽  
Place Of Articulation

Velar and dental stop consonant softening in Romance

Diachronica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Recasens
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Production Strategies

Experimental and descriptive evidence from the Romance languages suggests that velar and dental stop consonant softening, i.e., the process by which stops of these places of articulation turn mostly into palatoalveolar or alveolar affricates or fricatives, has proceeded gradually through intermediate (alveolo)palatal stop realizations. Several arguments are adduced in support of this interpretation: the presence of (alveolo)palatal stops and of (alveolo)palatal consonants of other manners of articulation in Romance languages and dialects, whether through gestural blending, gestural strengthening or other production strategies; alternations between (alveolo)palatal stops and affricates in several dialectal areas; variability in closure location for (alveolo)palatal stops in general, which accounts for their confusion with dental or velar stops; experimental evidence from speech production and perception studies. Moreover, there appears to be a plausible relationship between (alveolo)palatal stop realizations differing in closure fronting, and differences in fronting in the affricate and fricative outcomes of original Latin dental and velar stops. Historically, those differences depend mainly on place of articulation and voicing for the original stop as well as on the contextual and position conditions in which the stop occurred. The present investigation reveals that fine articulatory detail needs to be taken into consideration in the formulation of phonetic explanations of sound change.

Productive Voice Onset Time Characteristics of Esophageal Speech

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Christensen ◽  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Peter J. Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Phonological Contrasts ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Group Comparisons

The voice onset times (VOT) of a large number of stop-consonant initiated syllables produced by esophageal and normal speakers were measured. Esophageal speakers systematically varied VOT during the production of speech-sound categories with the same manner of production. Average voice onset times associated with the production of prevocalic voiceless stops of esophageal speakers were significantly shorter than those of normal speakers, while talker-group comparisons associated with the production of voiced prevocalic stops were nonsignificant. Voice onset times of both esophageal and normal speakers were differentially sensitive to place of articulation. Findings are discussed in terms of furthering current understanding of how effectively esophageal speakers achieve important phonological contrasts.

Variability in /s/ Production in Children and Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Munson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Phonetic Context

Previous research has found developmental decreases in temporal variability in speech. Relatively less work has examined spectral variability, and, in particular, variability in consonant spectra. This article examined variability in productions of the consonant /s/ by adults and by 3 groups of children, with mean ages of 3;11 (years;months), 5;04, and 8;04. Specifically, it measured the influence of age, phonetic context, and syllabic context on variability. Spectral variability was estimated by measuring dynamic spectral characteristics of multiple productions of /s/ in sV, spV, and swV sequences, where the vowel was either /a/ or /u/. Mean duration, variability in duration, and coarticulation were also measured. Children were found to produce /s/ with greater temporal and spectral variability than adults. Duration and coarticulation were comparable across the 4 age groups. Spectral variability was greater in swV contexts than in sV or spV sequences. The lack of consistent effects of phonetic context on spectral variability suggests that the developmental differences were related to subtle variability in place of articulation for /s/ in the children's productions.

Phonetic Effects of Paralytic Dysphonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Hartl ◽  
Lise Crevier-Buchman ◽  
Jacqueline Vaissière ◽  
Daniel F. Brasnu
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Subjects

Objectives: This study was performed to determine whether and how unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) affects the production and perception of voiced stop consonants as compared with unvoiced stops, and to analyze the phonetic effects of UVFP on the voicing feature. Methods: Phonetic constructs pronounced by 7 male patients with UVFP and 5 normal male subjects were recorded. The 432 speech tokens consisted of intervocalic, prevocalic, and postvocalic stop consonants (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/) in the vowel contexts / a/ and /i/. Perceptual consonant identification testing was performed with 5 voice and speech professionals as listeners. The type and frequency of errors made in consonant identification were analyzed. Spectrographic analysis was used to analyze acoustic cues. Results: The rate of correct consonant identification was significantly lower for tokens pronounced by patients with UVFP (77.3% versus 97.6%, p =.0001) because of incorrect identification of the voiced consonants, frequently perceived as their unvoiced homologues. Confusion between dental and alveolar place of articulation for unvoiced stops was also noted. Conclusions: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis alters the voiced-unvoiced stop consonant distinction and the dental-palatal stop consonant distinction in an experimental nonspeech context. This finding implies the existence of a phonetic handicap for patients with UVFP. Further studies should determine the effects of UVFP on global speech intelligibility.

Extending formant transitions may not improve aphasics' perception of stop consonant place of articulation

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Riedel ◽  
Michael Studdert-Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Place Of Articulation

Perceptual Weighting of Relative Amplitude and Formant Transition Cues in Aided CV Syllables

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hedrick ◽  
Mary Sue Younger
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Relative Amplitude ◽  
Formant Transition ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceptual Weighting

The current study explored the changes in weighting of relative amplitude and formant transition cues that may be caused by a K-amp circuit. Twelve listeners with normal hearing and 3 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss labeled the stop consonant place of articulation of synthetic consonant-vowel stimuli. Within the stimuli, two acoustic cues were varied: the frequency of the onset of the second and third formant (F2/F3) transitions and the relative amplitude between the consonant burst and the following vowel in the fourth and fifth formant (F4/ F5) frequency region. The variation in the two cues ranged from values appropriate for a voiceless labial stop consonant to a voiceless alveolar stop consonant. The listeners labeled both the unaided stimuli and the stimuli recorded through a hearing aid with a K-amp circuit. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to calculate the perceptual weight given each cue. Data from listeners with normal hearing show a change in relative weighting of cues between aided and unaided stimuli. Pilot data from the listeners with hearing loss show a more varied pattern, with more weight placed on relative amplitude. These results suggest that calculation of perceptual weights using an ANOVA model may be worthwhile in future studies examining the relationship between acoustic information presented by a hearing aid and the subsequent perception by the listener with hearing loss.

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