The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation with and Without Creatine Monohydrate Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Tissue Mass and Muscle Strength

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren G. Burke ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
K. Shawn Davison ◽  
Darren C. Candow ◽  
Jon Farthing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

Our purpose was to assess muscular adaptations during 6 weeks of resistance training in 36 males randomly assigned to supplementation with whey protein (W; 1.2 g/kg/day), whey protein and creatine monohydrate (WC; 0.1 g/kg/day), or placebo (P; 1.2 g/kg/day maltodextrin). Measures included lean tissue mass by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bench press and squat strength (1-repetition maximum), and knee extension/flexion peak torque. Lean tissue mass increased to a greater extent with training in WC compared to the other groups, and in the W compared to the P group (p < .05). Bench press strength increased to a greater extent for WC compared to W and P (p < .05). Knee extension peak torque increased with training for WC and W (p < .05), but not for P. All other measures increased to a similar extent across groups. Continued training without supplementation for an additional 6 weeks resulted in maintenance of strength and lean tissue mass in all groups. Males that supplemented with whey protein while resistance training demonstrated greater improvement in knee extension peak torque and lean tissue mass than males engaged in training alone. Males that supplemented with a combination of whey protein and creatine had greater increases in lean tissue mass and bench press than those who supplemented with only whey protein or placebo. However, not all strength measures were improved with supplementation, since subjects who supplemented with creatine and/or whey protein had similar increases in squat strength and knee flexion peak torque compared to subjects who received placebo.

Effect of Whey and Soy Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training in Young Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Natalie C. Burke ◽  
T. Smith-Palmer ◽  
Darren G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

The purpose was to compare changes in lean tissue mass, strength, and myof-brillar protein catabolism resulting from combining whey protein or soy protein with resistance training. Twenty-seven untrained healthy subjects (18 female, 9 male) age 18 to 35 y were randomly assigned (double blind) to supplement with whey protein (W; 1.2 g/kg body mass whey protein + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose power, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male), soy protein (S; 1.2 g/kg body mass soy protein + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose powder, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male) or placebo (P; 1.2 g/kg body mass maltodextrine + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose powder, N = 9: 6 female, 3 male) for 6 wk. Before and after training, measurements were taken for lean tissue mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-RM for bench press and hack squat), and an indicator of myofbrillar protein catabolism (urinary 3-methylhistidine). Results showed that protein supplementation during resistance training, independent of source, increased lean tissue mass and strength over isocaloric placebo and resistance training (P < 0.05). We conclude that young adults who supplement with protein during a structured resistance training program experience minimal beneficial effects in lean tissue mass and strength.

The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Older Adults During Resistance Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R.D. Duff ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Julianne J. Rooke ◽  
Mojtaba Kaviani ◽  
Joel R. Krentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press

Bovine colostrum is the first milk secreted by cows after parturition and has high levels of protein, immunoglobulins, and various growth factors. We determined the effects of 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation versus whey protein during resistance training in older adults. Males (N = 15, 59.1 ± 5.4 y) and females (N = 25, 59.0 ± 6.7 y) randomly received (double-blind) 60g/d of colostrum or whey protein complex (containing 38g protein) while participating in a resistance training program (12 exercises, 3 sets of 8–12 reps, 3 days/week). Strength (bench press and leg press 1-RM), body composition (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle thickness of the biceps and quadriceps (by ultrasound), cognitive function (by questionnaire), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, as a marker of inflammation), and urinary N-telopeptides (Ntx, a marker of bone resorption) were determined before and after the intervention. Participants on colostrum increased leg press strength (24 ± 29 kg; p < .01) to a greater extent than participants on whey protein (8 ± 16 kg) and had a greater reduction in Ntx compared with participants on whey protein (–15 ± 40% vs. 10 ± 42%; p < .05). Bench press strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and cognitive scores increased over time (p < .05) with no difference between groups. There were no changes in IGF-1 or CRP. Colostrum supplementation during resistance training was beneficial for increasing leg press strength and reducing bone resorption in older adults. Both colostrum and whey protein groups improved upper body strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, and cognitive function.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Combined with Creatine Monohydrate and Whey Protein Supplementation during Strength Training

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Cornish ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Nathan T. Jantz ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

Purpose:The authors examined the combined effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), creatine (C), and whey protein (P) supplementation during strength training.Methods:Sixty-nine participants (52 men, 17 women; M ± SD age 22.5 ± 2.5 yr) were randomly assigned (double-blind) to 1 of 3 groups: CCP (6 g/d CLA + 9 g/d C + 36 g/d P; n = 22), CP (C + P + placebo oil; n = 25), or P (P + placebo oil; n = 22) during 5 wk of strength training (4–5 sets, 6–12 repetitions, 6 d/wk). Measurements were taken for body composition (air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (ultrasound) of the flexors and extensors of the elbow and knee, 1-repetitionmaximum (1-RM) strength (leg press and bench press), urinary markers of bone resorption (N-telopeptides, NTx), myofibrillar protein catabolism (3-methylhistidine; 3-MH), oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes), and kidney function (microalbumin) before and after training.Results:Contrast analyses indicated that the CCP group had a greater increase in bench-press (16.2% ± 11.3% vs. 9.7% ± 17.0%; p < .05) and legpress (13.1% ± 9.9% vs. 7.7% ± 14.2%; p < .05) strength and lean-tissue mass (2.4% ± 2.8% vs. 1.3% ± 4.1%; p < .05) than the other groups combined. All groups increased muscle thickness over time (p < .05). The relative change in 3-MH (CCP –4.7% ± 70.2%, CP –0.4% ± 81.4%, P 20.3% ± 75.2%) was less in the groups receiving creatine (p < .05), with the difference for NTx also close to significance (p = .055; CCP–3.4% ± 66.6%, CP–3.9% ± 64.9%, P 26.0% ± 63.8%). There were no changes in oxidative stress or kidney function.Conclusion:Combining C, CLA, and P was beneficial for increasing strength and lean-tissue mass during heavy resistance training.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Meta Analyses

Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5–7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Improves Muscle Strength and Function, Regardless of Protein Supplementation, in the Mid- to Long-Term Period after Gastric Bypass

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Oliveira ◽  
Flávio T. Vieira ◽  
Fernando Lamarca ◽  
Ricardo M. Lima ◽  
Kênia M. B. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Resistance Training Program

Inadequate protein intake and low levels of physical activity are common long-term sequelae after bariatric surgery and can negatively affect muscle strength (MS) and physical function (PF). The study investigated the effects of resistance training with or without protein supplementation on MS and PF. The study, which involved a 12-week controlled trial (n = 61) of individuals 2–7 years post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), comprised four groups: whey protein supplementation (PRO; n = 18), maltodextrin placebo (control [CON]; n = 17), resistance training combined with placebo (RTP; n = 11), and resistance training combined with whey protein supplementation (RTP+PRO; n = 15). An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure MS (peak torque at 60°/s and 180°/s). PF was measured with the 30-s sit-to-stand (30-STS), 6-min walk (6-MWT), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests. There were improvements in the absolute and relative-to-bodyweight peak torque at 60°/s and 180°/s, TUG, 6-MWT and 30-STS in the RTP and RTP+PRO groups, but not in the CON and PRO groups. Changes in MS were significantly correlated with changes in PF between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A supervised resistance training program, regardless of protein supplementation, improved MS and PF in the mid-to-long-term period after RYGB and can lead to clinical benefits and improved quality of life.

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