Respiratory and Muscular Perceived Exertion During Official Games in Professional Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Alberto Méndez-Villanueva ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Raúl Martínez-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Muscular Load ◽  
Playing Time

Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess the respiratory and muscular session ratings of perceived exertion (PE) after official soccer matches over an extended period of time (ie, 2 competition seasons) in relation to playing time (>20, 20–45, 45–70, and >70 min) and to determine the between-matches variability of both scores in young professional soccer players.Methods:Forty players belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club participated in this study. Respiratory and muscular PE were collected 10 min after every game. A total of 841 individual PE ratings were undertaken on outfield players.Results:The differences between match respiratory and muscular load differ depending on the playing time, the respiratory PE being greater for the players that competed less than 45 min (effect size = –0.45 ± 0.45 for the 20- to 45-min group) and the muscular PE greater for players that played more than 45 min (effect size = 0.23 ± 0.30, for the 45- to 70-min group). Match-to-match PE variability was considerable (CV = 14–54%) for all levels of participation, but it was lower the longer the players participated.Conclusions:Playing time influenced the relative exertion that players’ respiratory and leg musculature were exposed to during a game, suggesting that differential PE scores might provide a more accurate evaluation of match-imposed internal load. However, the small-magnitude differences between respiratory and muscular session ratings of PE observed in the current study might question the practical relevance of assessing both scores.

scholarly journals Regions at Risk in the Knee Joint of Young Professional Soccer Players: Longitudinal Evaluation of Early Cartilage Degeneration by Quantitative T2 Mapping in 3 T MRI

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352092477
Author(s):  
Hanna Schenk ◽  
David Simon ◽  
Leonie Waldenmeier ◽  
Christoph Evers ◽  
Rolf Janka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Playing Time

Purpose. The study aims to detect regions at risk for (pre-)osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint of young professional soccer players by evaluating cartilage composition by T2 mapping in a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging setting. Methods. In this longitudinal study, 20 professional adolescent soccer players were included. Tibiofemoral cartilage was assessed by quantitative T2 mapping and T2 values were evaluated by regions of interest analysis. Statistical evaluation, using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, was performed to compare global T2 values and subregional T2 values between a baseline and a follow-up investigation 4.3 years later. Based on the average of playing time (15 years) we divided the cohort in 2 groups and differences were evaluated. Results. When comparing baseline and follow-up, our findings showed statistically significant increases of the global medial tibial and femoral T2 values. The most noticeable results of the subregional T2 analysis were statistically significant increases in the medial posterior zones (deep femoral 36.1 vs. 39.5, P = 0.001; superficial femoral 57.0 vs. 62.4, P = 0.034; deep tibial 28.3 vs. 34.1, P = 0.009; superficial tibial 43.2 vs. 55.3, P = 0.002). Conclusion. The elevation of T2 values in the medial, especially medial posterior, compartment of the knee joint indicates that these regions are at risk for early cartilage degeneration already at the time of adolescence. The findings can help individualize and optimize training concepts and to be aware of the chronic stress on these vulnerable areas. Prevention programs should be established in young players to avoid further cartilage damage.

scholarly journals Differentiated perceived match load and its variability according to playing position in professional soccer players during an entire season

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Unai Azcárate ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Asier Los Arcos
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Professional Soccer

The aims were to assess differentiated perceived match exertion and its variability according to playing position for professional soccer players. Nineteen Spanish players declared their respiratory and muscular perceived exertions (PEs) after official matches during an entire season. Players were classified according to their playing position. In order to assess differentiated perceived match exertion, soccer players were asked to assess their perceived level of exertion following each official match. Considerable differences (p<.05; ES=.41-2.49) were found between some playing positions but not always in both dimensions of PE (respiratory and muscular). Advanced midfielders (AvMs), wide midfielders (WMs) and wing backs (WnBs) reported the highest match respiratory PE and muscular PE scores. Furthermore, match-to-match differentiated perceived match exertion variability ranged from 12.8 to 27.7% for respiratory perceived exertion and from 11.5 to 25.2% for muscular perceived exertion according to playing position. Match respiratory-muscular PE differences varied among the playing positions, showing higher muscular PE than respiratory PE in central backs (CBs), WMs and central midfielders (CMs) (p<.05; ES=-.35 to .68), but higher respiratory PE than muscular PE in wing backs (p<.05; ES=-.35). Soccer differentiated perceived match exertion is different inter and intra some playing positions, showing large swings for match-to-match variability between playing positions. These facts confirm that the deconstruction of the overall PE provides a more accurate evaluation of the subjective match internal load in some playing positions.

scholarly journals Monitoring perceived respiratory and muscular exertions and physical fitness in young professional soccer players during a 32-week period

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Javier Yanci
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Practice Volume ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer

The aim of this study was to examine the association of perceived respiratory and muscular exertions and associated training load (TL) for monitoring changes in several aerobic fitness and neuromuscular performance parameters during 32 weeks of soccer training in young professional players. Twenty male soccer players (age=20.6±1.8 years, body height=1.80±.06 m, body mass=73.6±6.7 kg) belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga Club participated in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ with arm swing, linear sprint running (over 5 m and 15 m) and an aerobic fitness running test were performed at the start of the pre-season (Test 1) and 32 weeks later (Test 2). During these eight months, after each training session and match, players rated their perceived exertion (sRPE) separately for respiratory (sRPEres) and leg musculature (sRPEmus) effort. Training load was calculated by multiplying the sRPE value by the duration of each training session or match. Accumulated training and match volume (i.e., time) and associated respiratory and muscular training loads were negatively correlated with the changes in aerobic fitness performance after 32 weeks of training (r=-.53/-.62). In addition, accumulated perceived respiratory load was negatively correlated with the changes in 15 m sprint performance (r=-.51/-.53). A high practice volume (time) and associated respiratory and leg muscular TL can impair the long-term improvement of aerobic fitness and sprint performance in professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Preliminary Validation of Mirrored Scales for Monitoring Professional Soccer Training Sessions

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
Rodrigo F. Morandi ◽  
Eduardo M. Pimenta ◽  
André G. P. Andrade ◽  
Tane K. F. Serpa ◽  
Eduardo M. Penna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Training Impulse

AbstractWe aimed to create a single subjective method to assess both internal training loads and subsequent fatigue. This new training-fatigue (dose-response) scale (TFS) was composed of two similar scales with the same properties, metrics and construction criteria. These two scales were designed to rate the perceived exertion (RPETFS) and perceived fatigue (RPFTFS) in professional soccer players. Twenty-two athletes participated to establish reliability, and 15 participated to establish validity. For reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used. For criterion validity, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses were applied. Associations between RPETFS and RPFTFS were verified by a chi square test, and a further factorial exploratory analysis was conducted. RPETFS and RPFTFS were found to be reliable (ICC 0.74 and 0.77, SEM 0.30 and 0.30, respectively) and valid. RPETFS was best explained by the internal load of the Banister training impulse (p < 0.001), while RPFTFS was best explained by the internal load of the Stagno training impulse (p < 0.001). An association was found between the scales (RPETFS and RPFTFS) in which training duration had a more substantial impact on these subjective perceptions than did training intensity (p < 0.01). RPETFS and RPFTFS scales are reliable and valid for monitoring training sessions in Brazilian professional soccer players. The simultaneous oscillations of the RPETFS and RPFTFS scores can be used by staff members to better plan weekly training programs based on dose-response ratings. Finally, training duration must be carefully controlled because it has a greater impact than intensity on subjective perceptions.

scholarly journals Comparación de la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo entre partidos amistosos y diferentes tipos de sesión en futbolistas profesionales (Comparison of perceived exertion in friendly matches and different types of training sessions in professional soccer p

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Campos Váquez ◽  
Francisco Javier Toscano Belanda
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Different Types

El objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE) y la carga derivada de ella (RPE-TL) durante partidos amistosos (PA) con una participación de 45 minutos por jugador (PA.45) o superior a 65 minutos (PA+65), y diferentes tipos de sesión de entrenamiento: condición física (CF), táctica (TAC) y activación pre-partido (ACTV), en jugadores profesionales de fútbol. 12 futbolistas pertenecientes al mismo equipo (1ª división española) participaron en este estudio. La RPE fue registrada tras cada sesión de entrenamiento y PA, cuantificándose posteriormente la carga interna derivada de ella (RPE-TL). Los resultados reflejaron que los PA+65, tuvieron una RPE substancialmente mayor que los PA.45 (7.8 vs 6.8). Además, todos los tipos de sesión reflejaron una RPE y RPE-TL substancialmente inferior a los PA+65. Tan solo las sesiones de CF alcanzaron valores de RPE y RPE-TL superiores a los reflejados en los PA.45 (7.1 vs. 6.8 y 597 vs. 509 unidades arbitrarias respectivamente). Estos resultados nos muestran que las demandas perceptuales de la competición no fueron replicadas en los diferentes tipos de sesiones de entrenamiento analizadas. Por tanto, podría ser necesario aumentar el volumen y/o la exigencia de algunas sesiones de entrenamiento, para someter a los jugadores a una exigencia similar a la de la competición. Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare perception of exertion (RPE) and RPE-derived internal training load between friendly matches (FM) played during 45 minutes (FM.45) or more than 65 minutes (FM+65), and different types of training sessions: fitness (FIT), tactical (TAC) and pre-match activation (ACTV) in professional soccer players. 12 soccer players from the same team (1st Spanish Division) participated in this study. RPE was registered after every training session and FM. Afterward, RPE-derived internal load was calculated (RPE-TL). Results showed that FM+65 obtained a substantially higher RPE than FM.45 (7.8 vs 6.8). Besides, all types of training sessions reflected a substantially lower RPE and RPE-TL than FM+65. Only FIT sessions reached RPE and RPE-TL values higher than those reflected in FM.45 (7.1 vs. 6.8 and 597 vs. 509 arbitrary units respectively). These results show that perceptual demands of competition were not replicated in the different types of training sessions analysed. It may be necessary to increase the volume and/or the exertion of certain training sessions to bring players closer to the demands of competition.

scholarly journals Changes in jump and sprint performances during 14 preseasons in a Spanish reserve elite soccer team

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Raúl Martínez-Santos ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Jump Ability

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in jump and sprint performances after the preseason period across 14 seasons depending on the initial performance level and the playing position in young professional soccer players. In total, 162 soccer players (age = 20.6 ± 1.8 years) belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club participated in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and 5 and 15 m sprints were assessed in each season at the start of the preseason (July), Test 1 (T1), and the start of the competitive period (September), Test 2 (T2), from the 1998 to 2013 seasons. Considering all seasons, a trivial change was found in the sprint (5 m, Effect Size [ES] = −0.01; ±0.11, most-likely; and 15 m, ES = 0.05; ±0.09, most-likely) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performances (ES = −0.03; ±0.07; most-likely) after the preseason, but this varied across the seasons. While the fastest players in 5 m and 15 m tests and the most powerful worsened their performances in sprinting capacity (ES = 0.53–0.65, small very-likely) and in jump ability (ES = −0.54; ±0.25, small very-likely), respectively, the slowest players and the less powerful improved their performance likely/most-likely (ES = −0.33 and −0.68, small and moderate) and very-likely (ES = 0.40; ±0.20, small) after the precompetitive period. The changes in CMJ and sprinting were trivial and trivial/small for all tactical positions. The changes in neuromuscular performance after the preseason were not stable across the seasons and varied depending on the initial performance level. Individualization strategies should be considered in the design of strength and conditioning programs in order to optimize the training process.

Postmatch Perceived Exertion, Feeling, and Wellness in Professional Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi ◽  
Wassim Moalla
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Perceived Sleep Quality

Purpose: To assess postmatch perceived exertion, feeling, and wellness according to the match outcome (winning, drawing, or losing) in professional soccer players. Methods: In total, 12 outfield players were followed during 52 official matches where the outcomes (win, draw, or lose) were noted. Following each match, players completed both a 10-point Borg scale modified by Foster and an 11-point Hardy and Rejeski scale rating of perceived feeling. Rating of perceived sleep quality, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was collected separately on a 7-point scale the day following each match. Results: Player rating of perceived exertion was higher by a very large magnitude following a loss compared with a draw or a win and higher by a small magnitude after a draw compared with a win. Players felt more pleasure after a win compared with a draw or loss and more displeasure after a loss compared with draw. The players reported a largely and moderately better perceived sleep quality, less stress, and fatigue following a win compared with a draw or a loss and a moderately bad perceived sleep quality, higher stress, and fatigue following a draw compared with a loss. In contrast, only a trivial-small change was observed in perceived muscle soreness between all outcomes. Conclusion: Match outcomes moderately to largely affect rating of perceived exertion, feeling, sleep quality, stress, and fatigue, whereas perceived muscle soreness remains high regardless of the match outcome. However, winning a match decreases the strain and improves both pleasure and wellness in professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5980
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
High Effort

Soccer is a popular team sport and highly demanding activity that requires high effort and long-term training plans. The goals of this study were to compare the accelerations, decelerations and metabolic power between official and friendly full matches, between the first and second halves of the matches, and between both halves of official and friendly matches. Twelve professional soccer players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. A total of 33 official and 10 friendly matches were analyzed from the Iranian Premier League. All matches were monitored using GPSPORTS systems Pty Ltd. The following variables were selected: total duration of the matches, metabolic power, accelerations Zone1 (<2 m·s−2) (AccZ1), accelerations Zone2 (2 to 4 m·s−2) (AccZ2), accelerations Zone3 (>4 m·s−2) (AccZ3), decelerations Zone1 (<−2 m·s−2) (DecZ1), decelerations Zone2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2) (DecZ2) and decelerations Zone3 (>−4 m·s−2) (DecZ3). The major finding was shown in metabolic power, where higher values occurred in friendly matches (p < 0.05 with small effect size). Furthermore, total duration, AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were revealed to be higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches. The second half of the official matches revealed higher values for total duration compared to friendly matches (p < 0.05, moderate effect size). In conclusion, this study observed higher values of metabolic power in friendly matches compared to official matches. AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches.

Session-to-session variations of internal load during different small-sided games: a study in professional soccer players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Saeid Younesi ◽  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
António Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Professional Soccer

scholarly journals Internal and External Training Load in Under-19 versus Professional Soccer Players during the In-Season Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Sullivan Coppalle ◽  
Guillaume Ravé ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Iyed Salhi ◽  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
External Training ◽  
Soccer Team

This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) to that of an elite adult team (EAT), from the same club, during the in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy soccer players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 [n = 19]) in the study which spanned four weeks. Training load (TL) was monitored as external TL, using a global positioning system (GPS), and internal TL, using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). TL data were recorded after each training session. During soccer matches, players’ RPEs were recorded. The internal TL was quantified daily by means of the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) using Borg’s 0–10 scale. For GPS data, the selected running speed intensities (over 0.5 s time intervals) were 12–15.9 km/h; 16–19.9 km/h; 20–24.9 km/h; >25 km/h (sprint). Distances covered between 16 and 19.9 km/h, > 20 km/h and >25 km/h were significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT over the course of the study (p =0.023, d = 0.243, small; p = 0.016, d = 0.298, small; and p = 0.001, d = 0.564, small, respectively). EAT players performed significantly fewer sprints per week compared to U-19 players (p = 0.002, d = 0.526, small). RPE was significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT (p =0.001, d = 0.188, trivial). The external and internal measures of TL were significantly higher in the U-19 group compared to the EAT soccer players. In conclusion, the results obtained show that the training load is greater in U19 compared to EAT.

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