A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Overarm Throwing in Experienced Handball Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Gertjan Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Overarm Throwing

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity movements in overarm throwing in team handball. In total, 11 joint movements during the throw were analyzed. The analysis consists of maximal angles, angles at ball release, and maximal angular velocities of the joint movements and their timing during the throw. Only the elbow angle (extension movement range) and the level of internal rotation velocity of the shoulder at ball release showed a significant relationship with the throwing performance. Also, a significant correlation was found for the timing of the maximal pelvis angle with ball velocity, indicating that better throwers started to rotate their pelvis forward earlier during the throw. No other significant correlations were found, indicating that the role of the trunk and lower limb are of minor importance for team handball players.

A Comparison of Overarm Throwing with the Dominant and Nondominant Arm in Experienced Team Handball Players

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Gertjan Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Overarm Throwing ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Trunk Tilt ◽  
Experienced Team

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, velocity, and kinematics of throws with the dominant and nondominant arms in experienced handball players. Significant differences in throwing accuracy and ball velocity were found: decreased maximal velocities of the major joint movements and especially decreased internal rotation velocity of the shoulder. Timing differences in the onset of some joint movements, which resulted in an altered throwing pattern, could explain differences in the throwing velocity. Lower ball velocity was compensated by the increased ball release height, which was caused by an increased shoulder abduction and trunk tilt sideways angle at ball release.

A Comparison of Kinematics Between Overarm Throwing With 20% Underweight, Regular, and 20% Overweight Balls

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Gertjan Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Overarm Throwing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experienced Female

The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics in throwing with a regular weighted handball with 20% lighter and heavier balls in female experienced handball players. In total, eight joint movements during the throw were analyzed. The analysis consisted of maximal angles, angles at ball release, and maximal angular velocities of the joint movements and their timings during the throw. Results on 24 experienced female team handball players (mean age 18.2 ± 2.1 years) showed that the difference in ball weight affected the maximal ball velocity. The difference in ball release velocity was probably a result of the significant differences in kinematics of the major contributors to overarm throwing: elbow extension and internal rotation of the shoulder. These were altered when changing the ball weight, which resulted in differences in ball release velocity.

Kinematic Comparison of Team Handball Throwing With Two Different Arm Positions

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wagner ◽  
Michael Buchecker ◽  
Serge P. von Duvillard ◽  
Erich Müller
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Release Speed

Purpose:The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare the differences in the ball release speed and throwing accuracy between the ABOVE and SIDE throw; (2) to analyze kinematic differences of these two throwing techniques; and (3) to give practical applications to team handball coaches and players.Methods:Ball release speed, throwing accuracy, and kinematics were measured via the Vicon MX 13 (Vicon Peak, Oxford, UK) from 12 male elite right-handed team handball players.Results:Results of our study suggest that the two throwing techniques differ significantly (P < .0073) in the angles and/or angular velocities of the trunk (flexion, left tilt and rotation) and shoulder (flexion and abduction) of the throwing arm that result in a significantly different ball release speed (1.4 ± 0.8 m/s; P < .001) and that throwing accuracy was not significantly different.Conclusion:Our results indicated that the different position of the hand at ball release of the ABOVE and SIDE throws is primarily caused by different trunk flexion and tilt angles that lead to differences in ball release speed but not in throwing accuracy, and that the participants try to move their throwing arm similarly in both throwing techniques.

Role of three-dimensional rotational venography in evaluation of the left iliac vein in patients with chronic lower limb edema

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Po-Yen Chang ◽  
Wen-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Shih-Hung Yang ◽  
Wing P. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Limb Edema

Overarm Throwing Variability as a Function of Trunk Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Urbin ◽  
David Stodden ◽  
Glenn Fleisig
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Overarm Throwing ◽  
Trunk Tilt ◽  
Throwing Motion ◽  
Individual Body

Individual body segment actions evolve during throwing skill development. Maximal trunk involvement is typically the last feature of the movement pattern to fully develop. The current study examined developmental levels of trunk action and the associated variability in the throwing motion. The throwing motions of children and adolescents were analyzed via motion capture and trunk actions were classified as exhibiting no rotation (n = 7), blocked rotation (n = 6), or differentiated rotation (n = 11). Results indicated nonrotators exhibited greater variability than blocked-rotators in maximum humeral external rotation and humeral horizontal adduction angles at ball release; nonrotators also demonstrated greater variability than differentiated-rotators on these parameters, in addition to forward trunk tilt and elbow extension angle at ball release. Nonrotators produced more variable peak upper torso and humeral horizontal adduction angular velocities, as well as peak upper torso linear velocity, relative to differentiated-rotators. Blocked-rotators produced more variable peak pelvis, upper torso, and humeral horizontal adduction angular velocities, as well peak pelvis linear velocity, relative to differentiated-rotators. Nonrotators were less consistent relative to blocked- and differentiated-rotators in the time that elapsed from peak pelvis angular velocity to ball release. These results indicate that greater trunk involvement is associated with more consistent movement production.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional kinematic differences between accurate and high velocity kicks in rugby union place kicking

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sinclair ◽  
PJ Taylor ◽  
A Smith ◽  
J Bullen ◽  
I Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Foot Position ◽  
Hip Extension

Place kicking occurs many times during a rugby union game with more than half of all points scored coming from place kicking. Ball velocity is an important biomechanical indicator of kicking success, but it also evident that the ball must be kicked accurately to pass between the posts. This study aimed to identify biomechanical differences in rugby place kicking kinematics when kicking towards a specific target and for maximum velocity. Ten male rugby union kickers performed place kicks in two conditions: (1) for maximum velocity and (2) towards a pre-defined target. Lower extremity kinematics were obtained using an optoelectric motion capture system operating at 500 Hz. Differences in lower extremity kinematics between the two kicking conditions were examined using paired t-tests. Higher ball velocities were obtained when kicking for maximum velocity. Foot linear velocity, knee extension velocity and hip extension velocity were also found to be greater when kicking for maximum velocity. Ankle dorsiflexion and peak external rotation were found to be greater in the accuracy condition. The findings suggest that rugby kickers may have selected distinct kicking mechanics characterised by reduced joint angular velocities and a more externally rotated foot position in a deliberate attempt to improve precision, sacrificing ball velocity and thus the distance that the ball can be kicked. The specific findings from the current work have implications for coaches and applied practitioners which may facilitate improvements in kicking performance.

Influence of Instruction on Velocity and Accuracy of Overarm Throwing

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Gertjan Ettema
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Overarm Throw ◽  
Overarm Throwing ◽  
Experienced Team

This study investigated the influence of instruction on the ball velocity and accuracy of a goal-directed overarm throw. 9 experienced Norwegian male team handball players executed a throwing task randomly seven times under 5 different instructions varying from emphasizing speed to accuracy. When instructions increasingly emphasized accuracy, velocity decreased. However, accuracy did not improve when subjects were instructed to focus on it. A possible explanation for this finding could lie in the specific subject group. The subjects were highly experienced team handball players with an average of 12 years in the sport. Thus, the accuracy they demonstrated at high velocity might actually be already extremely high and difficult to improve upon when reducing throwing velocity. Further, the velocity of throwing when instruction emphasized accuracy was approximately 85% of the maximal velocity, indicating that experienced team handball players are trained to throw accurately at relatively high velocity.

scholarly journals Effects of Fatigue on Throwing Performance in Experienced Team Handball Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Nuño ◽  
Ignacio J. Chirosa ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Rafael Guisado ◽  
Ignacio Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of central and peripheral physiological fatigue on throwing accuracy and ball release velocity in team handball. Twenty male subjects (age 24.7 ± 3.9 yrs, body mass 88.5 ± 5.0 kg, body height 1.86 ± 0.05 m, training experience 12.7 ± 3.8 yrs) from one handball team participated in this study. The participants completed four sets of eight laps of a circuit that consisted of specific team handball drills/exercises, with decreasing recovery times between the laps in each set in order to induce physiological fatigue. Duration of the recovery intervals determined the description of the effort made in each set: “light" (80 s recovery between laps), “moderate" (40 s), “hard" (20 s) and “very hard" (10 s). A heart rate, concentration of lactate in blood and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Ball velocity and accuracy were measured after each set and they both decreased during a fatigue protocol. However, accuracy only decreased significantly in the end of the protocol, while ball release was already affected after the first round of the protocol. The results substantiate the initial hypothesis and confirm that both throwing accuracy and ball release velocity decrease significantly as physiological fatigue increases. These variables began to decrease when the fatigue quantification values were high or very high. The findings can be used by coaches to develop training programs to teach players how to identify fatigue thresholds and combat the effects of fatigue through decision-making skills at critical game moments.

The Contribution of Trunk Axial Kinematics to Poststrike Ball Velocity During Maximal Instep Soccer Kicking

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Brian M. Campbell ◽  
C. Matthew Laurent ◽  
Amanda Paige Lane
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Instep Kick ◽  
Hip Flexion

To date, biomechanical analyses of soccer kicking have focused predominantly on lower-extremity motions, with little emphasis on the trunk and upper body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in trunk axial kinematics between novice (n = 10) and skilled (n = 10) participants, as well as to establish the relationship of trunk axial motion and sagittal plane thigh rotation to poststrike ball velocity. Three-dimensional body segmental motion data were captured using high-resolution motion analysis (120 Hz) while each participant completed 5 maximal instep soccer-style kicks. The results demonstrate that skilled participants use 53% greater axial trunk range of motion compared with novice participants (P < .01), as well as 62% greater peak trunk rotation velocity (P < .01). The results also show a moderate, positive correlation of peak trunk rotation velocity with poststrike ball velocity (r = .57; P < .01), and peak hip flexion velocity with poststrike ball velocity (r = .63; P < .01). The current study highlights the potential for trunk rotation-specific training to improve maximum instep kick velocity in developing soccer athletes.

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