Perceptual-Cognitive Skills and Their Interaction as a Function of Task Constraints in Soccer

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Roca ◽  
Paul R. Ford ◽  
Allistair P. McRobert ◽  
A. Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Specific Search

The ability to anticipate and to make decisions is crucial to skilled performance in many sports. We examined the role of and interaction between the different perceptual-cognitive skills underlying anticipation and decision making. Skilled and less skilled players interacted as defenders with life-size film sequences of 11 versus 11 soccer situations. Participants were presented with task conditions in which the ball was located in the offensive or defensive half of the pitch (far vs. near conditions). Participants’ eye movements and verbal reports of thinking were recorded across two experiments. Skilled players reported more accurate anticipation and decision making than less skilled players, with their superior performance being underpinned by differences in task-specific search behaviors and thought processes. The perceptual-cognitive skills underpinning superior anticipation and decision making were shown to differ in importance across the two task constraints. Findings have significant implications for those interested in capturing and enhancing perceptual-cognitive skill in sport and other domains.

scholarly journals Role of automatic, conscious, and unconscious thought processes in complex decision making

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Draženka Levačić ◽  
Mario Pandžić ◽  
Dragan Glavaš
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Unconscious Thought ◽  
Conscious Thought ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

A complex decision is any decision which includes choosing among options with numerous describing attributes. Certain decisions are fast, often guided with automatic processes of thought, while other decisions are made much slower with careful examination of all the factors. These processes can have a significant impact on the quality of decision making. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of automatic, conscious and unconscious thought processes in the context of decision making. Participants were psychology students aged between 19 to 28 years. First experiment investigated the role of three different thought processes on choosing a subjectively best option, as well as TTB heuristic option. The second experiment investigated metacognitive aspects of decision making, precisely, to determine the differences in feeling of rightness (FOR) as well as the tendency to change the decision, depending on the activated thought processes. Different thought processes determined the choice of the subjectively best option. In the conscious thought condition, participants chose the subjectively best option more often than in the automatic or unconscious thought condition. However, there was no difference between conditions in choosing the TTB heuristic option. The feeling of rightness was significantly higher in conscious thought condition than in automatic or unconscious thought condition, but the two latter conditions did not differ in the judgment of feeling of rightness nor did they differ in the tendency to change the decision.

scholarly journals Effect of Cognitive skills Building in Achieve Superior Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-162
Author(s):  
Lamia Salman Abdul Ali ◽  
Ali Hamed Ghaleem Al-Zuhairi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Good Interest ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
The Mean

The of Consideration cognitive Skills as important skills that help the leaders in organizations to achieve Working procedures by adapting with Dynamic External environment , then ach ieve the Superior performance and Excellence on the rest of the organizations .Upon that basis crystallization the intellectual and practical sides of this study for clarification the philosophy of the role of cognitive Skills in achieve Superior performance , and attempt to find solutions for the prevailing problem in Ministry of Science and Technology that namely incapacity for Superior performance .It has been relying on curriculum of Empirical Study as curriculum help to deep comprehensive analysis for study problem , In addition to relying on Questionnaire for collecting of the basic data .In addition to relying in statistical side on the Quintet scale addition to Statistical tools that concern with the Mean Weighted ,standard deviation , Percentage Weighted , The coefficient of variation and The correlation coefficient . The most important conclusions that the study reached in the practical side that: there are a good interest by leaders in dimensions of cognitive Skills, and weak interest by them in dimensions of the Superior performance. Based on that the study recommends for increase the interest in dimensions of cognitive Skills, and focus on dimensions of the Superior performance.

Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in Offside Decision Making: Expertise and Training Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Catteeuw ◽  
Bart Gilis ◽  
Johan Wagemans ◽  
Werner Helsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
And Training

This two-experiment study aims to investigate the role of expertise in offside decision making (Experiment 1) and the effect of perceptual-cognitive training (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a video-based offside decision-making task followed by a frame recognition task demonstrated a bias toward flag errors and a forward memory shift for less-successful elite-standard assistant referees that is in line with the predictions from the flash-lag effect. In Experiment 2, an offside decision-making training program demonstrated a substantial progress from pre- to posttest for response accuracy, but not for accuracy of memory in the frame recognition task. In both experiments, no differences were found for visual scan patterns. First, these results suggest that less-successful elite-standard assistant referees are more affected by the flash-lag effect. Second, an off-field perceptual-cognitive training program can help assistant referees to deal with the perceptual consequences of the flash-lag illusion and to readjust their decision-making process accordingly.

scholarly journals Effect of expertise on diagnosis accuracy, non-technical skills and thought processes during simulated high-fidelity anaesthetist scenarios

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Allistair P McRobert ◽  
Simon J Mercer ◽  
David Raw ◽  
Jeff Goulding ◽  
A Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Diagnosis Accuracy ◽  
And Performance

BackgroundThe expert performance approach can be used to examine expertise during representative field-based tasks, while collecting process-tracing measures such as think-aloud verbal reports. Collecting think-aloud verbal reports provides an insight into the cognitive mechanisms that support performance during tasks.MethodWe examined the thought processes and performance of anaesthetists during simulated environments. Verbal reports of thinking and the anaesthetists’ non-technical skills (ANTS) were recorded to examine cognitive processes, non-technical behaviours and diagnosis accuracy during fully immersive, high-fidelity medical scenarios. Skilled (n=6) and less skilled (n=9) anaesthetists were instructed to respond to medical scenarios experienced in theatre.ResultsSkilled participants demonstrated higher diagnosis accuracy and ANTS scores compared to less skilled participants. Furthermore, skilled participants engaged in deeper thinking and verbalised more evaluation, prediction and deep planning statements.ConclusionsThe ability to employ an effective cognitive processing strategy, more efficient non-technical behaviours and superior diagnosis is associated with superior performance in skilled participants.

Applying Evidence in Practice

2014 ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dore
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Unconscious Thought ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
The Way

Judgement and decision-making lie at the heart of practice and are feats that practitioners perform under conditions that are complex and uncertain, the attainment of positive outcomes for service users dependent upon the aptitude of those charged with the task and the scaffolding provided by their employing organisations. Faced with such a challenge, social workers somehow avoid paralysis and take action to support and protect those with whom they work, drawing on experience, skill, information, and intervention evidence. The way they negotiate, orientate, interpret, and apply this knowledge is often through unconscious thought processes that require illumination and balance. This chapter considers how practitioners make sense of the situations that they come into contact with and discusses the intuitive-analytical reasoning continuum integral to this. Attention is given to the role of value as an influence upon perception and subsequent interpretation, together with the role played by cognitive processes.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

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