The Postinjury Psychological Sequelae of High-Level Jamaican Athletes: Exploration of a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–Self-Efficacy Conceptualization

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bateman ◽  
Kai A.D. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology

Context: Athletes at the highest levels appear to be most affected by sport-related injuries and suffer both physiologically and psychologically. Established models of psychological responses to injury, however, do not offer a comprehensive explanation based on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although some studies suggest that injuries may be interpreted as traumatic. Studies also suggest that perceived self-efficacy may be a mediator of PTSD development. Objective: This study examines the psychological sequelae experienced by high-level athletes as a result of sport-related injuries based on a PTSD–self-efficacy framework. Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants: Forty-six athletes (30 males and 16 females) from 4 different sports were conveniently sampled and completed a questionnaire battery assessing injury characteristics, trauma sequelae, and self-efficacy. Main Outcome Measures: Present injury status, PTSD symptomatology, and general self-efficacy. Results: Injury was found to be associated with elevated levels of PTSD symptomatology. The presence of injury was a significant predictor of general PTSD and, specifically, hyperarousal symptoms; however, general self-efficacy was not found to predict trauma-related symptoms. There were indications, however, that self-efficacy beliefs may affect injury-related factors. Conclusions: This research highlights the presence of PTSD-related psychological dysfunction associated with sport injury, and further uncovers the possible impacts of self-efficacy beliefs in managing the stress of injury. These findings highlight the need for psychological support as injured athletes undergo rehabilitation.

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Homeless Young Adults: The Importance of Victimization Experiences in Childhood and Once Homeless

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeonwoo Kim ◽  
Kimberly Bender ◽  
Kristin M. Ferguson ◽  
Stephanie Begun ◽  
Diana M. DiNitto
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Homeless Young Adults

Homelessness itself is traumatic, and more than half of homeless young adults have also experienced abuse as children and/or victimization while homeless. These experiences increase the likelihood of developing trauma-related symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few studies have, however, examined correlates of trauma and PTSD to identify targets for prevention and intervention. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess whether child abuse, victimization once homeless, features of homelessness (duration and transience), and personal resilience (self-efficacy and social connectedness) were associated with trauma and PTSD among 600 homeless young adults. Compared with those who had not experienced trauma, those who had were more likely to have been physically and/or sexually abused in childhood and physically victimized once homeless. Compared with those who had not experienced trauma, those who had experienced trauma and met criteria for PTSD were more likely to have been physically and/or sexually abused in childhood and physically and/or sexually victimized once homeless, and to have lower self-efficacy and social connectedness. Attention should be paid to these correlates of trauma and PTSD in developing and refining trauma-informed prevention and intervention approaches.

End-of-Life-Related Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Stress and Prolonged Grief in Parentally Bereaved Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282096376
Author(s):  
Megan Weber Falk ◽  
Anette Alvariza ◽  
Ulrika Kreicbergs ◽  
Josefin Sveen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Significant Difference

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) are well-documented in parentally bereaved adolescents. Whether or not the parent’s death is perceived as traumatic may be influenced by several end-of-life-related factors. This study aimed to examine the associations between end-of-life-related factors, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of prolonged grief disorder and PGD, and the association between PTSD and PGD. Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the relationships between end-of-life-related factors, PTSD, and PGD. Regretting one’s decision to be present or not present at the time of death resulted in a significant difference in self-reported scores for PTSD, but not PGD.

The Clinical Boundaries of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
High Level

Three sets of clinical boundaries exist for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as for all concepts of psychiatric disorder. The first involves the border with normal psychology in general, and with the normal psychology of stress response in particular. This boundary can be surveyed from a number of vantage points and the maps which result will not necessarily correspond. The second boundary issue involves internal boundaries between psychiatric disorders, specifically between PTSD and other concepts of disorder. The high level of comorbidity documented in PTSD has ensured that this aspect of boundary setting is particularly contentious. The third set of boundaries is concerned with subtyping within the global construct of PTSD. The validity and extent of subtyping would be based on the degree to which phenomenological differences exist in relation to PTSD syndromes occurring in the wake of certain types of traumatic events. Such clinical subtyping might however need to be buttressed by external validity indicators such as differential treatment responses or outcome. A final boundary issue of major significance to therapists involves the need to place oneself unambiguously on the side of the trauma survivor in the struggle to resolve the traumatic experiences. The pivotal position of PTSD in the psychopathological arena is discussed.

The Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adult Earthquake Survivors in Peru

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier B. Cairo ◽  
Suparna Dutta ◽  
Haq Nawaz ◽  
Shahrukh Hashmi ◽  
Stanislav Kasl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Earthquake Survivors

ABSTRACTObjectives: To estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to assess the relationships between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.Methods: Five months after a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the city of Pisco, Peru, we conducted a cross-sectional study using demographic questions, the PTSD Checklist, and a translated version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. We used stratified sampling to randomly enroll subjects in Pisco and its annexes. We then used bivariate and multivariate analyses to find correlations between PTSD and demographic and disaster-related factors.Results: We interviewed 298 adult earthquake survivors and detected 75 cases of PTSD (prevalence 25.2%; 95% confidence interval, 20.2%-30.1%). In the bivariate analysis, PTSD was significantly associated with female sex, loss of church, food and water shortages immediately after the earthquake, joblessness, injuries, loss of a relative or friend, lack of clean drinking water or appropriate sleeping conditions 5 months after the earthquake, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends. In the multivariate analysis, only female sex, food and water shortages, loss of church, injuries, and low levels of perceived support from family and friends were independently associated with PTSD.Conclusions: PTSD affected about a quarter of Pisco's population. Its impact was moderate to severe when compared with other disasters worldwide and in Latin America.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:39-46)

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